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  • Nature Publishing Group  (1)
  • Taylor & Francis  (1)
  • 1
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Atmosphere-Ocean, 51 (2). pp. 213-225.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: We present a new method for the statistical downscaling of coarse-resolution General Circulation Model (GCM) fields to predict local climate change. Most atmospheric variables have strong seasonal cycles. We show that the prediction of the non-seasonal variability of maximum and minimum daily surface temperature is improved if the seasonal cycle is removed prior to the statistical analysis. The new method consists of three major steps. First, the average seasonal cycles of both predictands and predictors are removed. Second, a principal component-based multiple linear regression model between the deseasonalized predictands and predictors is developed and validated. Finally, the regression is used to make projections of future changes in maximum and minimum daily surface temperature at Shearwater, Nova Scotia. This projection is made using the local grid-scale variables of the Canadian General Circulation Model Version 3 (CGCM3) climate model as predictors. Our statistical downscaling method indicates significant skill in predicting the observed distribution of temperature using GCM predictors. Projections suggest minimum and maximum temperatures at Shearwater will be up to about five degrees warmer by 2100 under the current “business-as-usual” scenario. RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Nous présentons une nouvelle méthode pour la réduction d'échelle statistique des champs des modèles de circulation générale (MCG) à faible résolution pour prévoir les changements du climat local. La plupart des variables atmosphériques ont des cycles saisonniers bien marqués. Nous démontrons que la prédiction de la variabilité non saisonnière de la température de surface quotidienne minimum et maximum est meilleure si on retranche le cycle saisonnier avant de procéder à l'analyse statistique. Voici les trois grandes étapes de cette nouvelle méthode. D'abord, nous retirons les cycles saisonniers moyens des prédictants et des prédicteurs. Ensuite, nous concevons et validons un modèle de régression linéaire multiple sur composantes principales entre les prédictants et les prédicteurs désaisonnalisés. Enfin, nous nous servons de la régression afin d'établir des projections pour les changements à venir dans la température de surface quotidienne minimum et maximum à Shearwater en Nouvelle-Écosse. Cette projection est établie au moyen des variables locales à l'échelle du maillage de la troisième version du modèle canadien de circulation générale (MCCG3). Notre méthode de réduction d'échelle statistique se révèle très efficace pour prédire la répartition observée de la température au moyen des prédicteurs du MCG. D'après les projections, les températures minimum et maximum à Shearwater connaîtront une augmentation d'environ cinq degrés d'ici 2100 dans le scénario actuel de type « statu quo ».
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Climate variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is determined by large-scale ocean–atmosphere interactions, which particularly affect deep atmospheric convection over the ocean and surrounding continents1. Apart from influences from the Pacific El Niño/Southern Oscillation2 and the North Atlantic Oscillation3, the tropical Atlantic variability is thought to be dominated by two distinct ocean–atmosphere coupled modes of variability that are characterized by meridional4, 5 and zonal6, 7 sea-surface-temperature gradients and are mainly active on decadal and interannual timescales, respectively8, 9. Here we report evidence that the intrinsic ocean dynamics of the deep equatorial Atlantic can also affect sea surface temperature, wind and rainfall in the tropical Atlantic region and constitutes a 4.5-yr climate cycle. Specifically, vertically alternating deep zonal jets of short vertical wavelength with a period of about 4.5 yr and amplitudes of more than 10 cm s−1 are observed, in the deep Atlantic, to propagate their energy upwards, towards the surface10, 11. They are linked, at the sea surface, to equatorial zonal current anomalies and eastern Atlantic temperature anomalies that have amplitudes of about 6 cm s−1 and 0.4 °C, respectively, and are associated with distinct wind and rainfall patterns. Although deep jets are also observed in the Pacific12 and Indian13 oceans, only the Atlantic deep jets seem to oscillate on interannual timescales. Our knowledge of the persistence and regularity of these jets is limited by the availability of high-quality data. Despite this caveat, the oscillatory behaviour can still be used to improve predictions of sea surface temperature in the tropical Atlantic. Deep-jet generation and upward energy transmission through the Equatorial Undercurrent warrant further theoretical study.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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