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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-drying of Certain Viruses (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 206 (1965), S. 115-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Virus in the form of a tissue culture fluid was mixed with an equal volume of stabilizer and 0.1-ml. aliquots of the mixture were put into ampoules. The ampoules were dried for a total of about a day on an Edwards model 5PS centrifugal freeze-drier and were sealed at a final vacuum of less than 20 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/206115b0
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  • 2
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    Biogeochemical controls on photic-zone euxinia during the end-Permian mass extinction (2008)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 36 (9). pp. 747-750.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-18
    Description: Geochemical, biomarker, and isotopic evidence suggests that the end-Permian was characterized by extreme oceanic anoxia that may have led to hydrogen sulfide buildup and mass extinction. We use an earth system model to quantify the biogeochemical and physical conditions necessary for widespread oceanic euxinia and hydrogen sulfide release to the atmosphere. Greater than threefold increases in ocean nutrient content combined with nutrient-trapping ocean circulation cause surface-water H2S accumulation in the paleo–Tethys Ocean and in areas of strong upwelling. Accounting for the presence of sulfide-oxidizing phototrophs in the model suppresses but does not prevent widespread release of H2S to the atmosphere. Evidence from the geologic record is consistent with modeled geochemical distributions of widespread nutrient-induced euxinia during the end-Permian, suggesting H2S toxicity and hypercapnia may have provided the kill mechanism for extinction.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    A Cenozoic record of the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 488 (7413). pp. 609-614.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-01
    Description: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate are regulated on geological timescales by the balance between carbon input from volcanic and metamorphic outgassing and its removal by weathering feedbacks; these feedbacks involve the erosion of silicate rocks and organic-carbon-bearing rocks. The integrated effect of these processes is reflected in the calcium carbonate compensation depth, which is the oceanic depth at which calcium carbonate is dissolved. Here we present a carbonate accumulation record that covers the past 53 million years from a depth transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The carbonate compensation depth tracks long-term ocean cooling, deepening from 3.0-3.5 kilometres during the early Cenozoic (approximately 55 million years ago) to 4.6 kilometres at present, consistent with an overall Cenozoic increase in weathering. We find large superimposed fluctuations in carbonate compensation depth during the middle and late Eocene. Using Earth system models, we identify changes in weathering and the mode of organic-carbon delivery as two key processes to explain these large-scale Eocene fluctuations of the carbonate compensation depth.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
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