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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Core level photoemission of iodine overlayers (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 4406-4411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the core level binding energies of chemisorbed iodine on Fe(110) and Fe(100). A decrease of 0.6 eV in the binding energies of the iodine core levels is observed with the increasing coverage of the chemisorbed iodine overlayer. This change in core level binding energies with coverage is compared with the results for iodine overlayers on other transition metal surfaces. The difference in core level binding energies between chemisorbed iodine on Fe(110) and molecularly adsorbed iodine on Fe(110) is explained using a Born–Haber cycle and an "equivalent'' cores approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454826
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton spin–lattice relaxation rate in supercooled H2O and H2 17O under high pressure (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 4796-4803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton spin–lattice relaxation rate has been investigated as a function of pressure (p≤250 MPa), temperature (180 K≤T≤300 K), and oxygen-17 enrichment (25.7 atom-%, 50.7 atom-%) in metastable water. Intramolecular proton–oxygen 17 dipolar interactions in light water in relation to deuterium electric quadrupole interactions in heavy water carry similar dynamic information and allow the complicated dynamic isotope effect in liquid water to be investigated in the whole metastable range. Under hydrostatic pressure the proton relaxation rate curve R1 (T, p, ωH) has been investigated at five different Larmor frequencies (100 MHz≤ω≤500 MHz). These experiments unequivocally prove the isotropy of reorientational motions of water molecules on a nanosecond time scale and demonstrate the necessity to include fast quasilattice vibrations into a consistent interpretation of the relaxation rates in the dispersion regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458670
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic diagnostics and feedback control on TFTR (invited) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 941-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The various operating modes of TFTR require the use of a sophisticated system of magnetic diagnostics integrated with a feedback control system. This system has successfully controlled the plasma current and position over a range of major and minor radii, during strong compression, and will soon be used during intense neutral beam heating. Current and position values are held constant to within 2 kA and 1 cm. A wide variety of preoperational field measurements were required to determine proper compensation for dynamic stray fields due to eddy currents. Data from plasma profile diagnostics, such as bolometer arrays, Thomson scattering, soft x-ray diode array, and the scanning radiometer, have been compared to the absolute position deduced from magnetics. In addition to control functions, magnetic diagnostics on TFTR provide data on plasma current asymmetry, βθ, MHD fluctuations, loop voltage, and flux consumption. This paper will discuss the mechanical and electronic design constraints, as well as the analytic and calibration techniques required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138056
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple electron stripping of 3.4 MeV/amu Kr7+ and Xe11+ in nitrogen (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1753-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Use of heavy ions beams with ∼10 MeV/amu mass ∼200, and average charge state of 1+ has been proposed as a driver for heavy ion fusion. Stripping of the ion beam by background gas can lead to an increase in the space charge density of the beam, which may make focusing the intense ion beam onto small targets more complex. Knowledge of the electron loss cross sections is essential to understand and address the problem. Currently, there are no 10 MeV/amu mass=200, charge state=1 beams available, and the theories that calculate electron loss cross sections can be experimentally tested only by using available beams of somewhat lower energy and higher initial charge state. The charge state distribution of ions produced in single collisions of 3.4 MeV/amu Kr7+ and 3.4 MeV/amu Xe11+ in N2 have been measured at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute using a windowless gas cell. The charge states of the outgoing ions are determined by magnetic analysis using a position-sensitive microchannel-plate detector. The cross sections for single and multiple electron loss are determined, and the results indicate that substantial multiple-electron loss occurs. The relative cross section for loss of i+1 electrons is 0.3–0.7 times that for i electron loss. The average number of electrons removed per one collision (sum of the electron-weighted cross sections normalized to the total cross section) is 1.86 for Kr and 1.97 for Xe. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1365408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structural homogeneity of boron carbide thin films fabricated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from B5H9+CH4 (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6919-6924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron carbide thin films of several B/C ratios have been deposited on Si(111) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from nido-pentaborane(9) (B5H9) and methane (CH4). X-ray diffraction studies of boron carbide thin films on Si(111) exhibited characteristic microcrystalline diffraction lines. Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy was used to verify that the local electronic structure and composition of each sample corresponded to a homogeneous solid solution boron carbide phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355066
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A soft-x-ray-emission investigation of cobalt implanted silicon crystals (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7800-7804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Si L2,3 emission spectra of silicon crystals implanted with Co at doses of (1–8) × 1017 Co/cm2 have been examined using soft-x-ray-emission (SXE) spectroscopy. At the lowest dose, the spectra are little modified from that of crystalline Si, indicating that only a small fraction of Si is in the form of silicides within the probe depth of SXE spectroscopy. For higher doses and implant profiles with Co extending to the surface, there is clear evidence for ordered CoSi2 combined with richer Co phases, but little evidence for pure Si or for ordered regions of CoSi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347508
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of particle transport barriers in reverse shear plasmas on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1832-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perturbative experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Phys. Plasmas 4, 1736 (1997)] (TFTR) have investigated transport in reverse shear plasmas. On TFTR, reverse magnetic shear plasmas bifurcate into two states with different transport properties: reverse shear (RS) and enhanced reverse shear (ERS) with improved core confinement. Measurements of the 14 MeV t(d,n)α neutrons and charge-exchange recombination radiation spectra are used to infer the trace tritium and helium profiles, respectively. The profile evolution indicate the formation of core particle transport barriers in ERS plasmas. The transport barrier is manifested by an order-of-magnitude reduction in the particle diffusivity (DT,DHe) and a smaller reduction in the pinch within the reverse shear region. The low diffusivities are consistent with neoclassical predictions. Furthermore, DT and DHe(approximate)χeff, the effective thermal diffusivity. Although the measured coefficients imply no helium ash accumulation, the situation is uncertain in a reactor due to unknown χeff scaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872853
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling of Ohmic energy confinement with major radius in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3996-4001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ohmic plasma size scans have been carried out in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)] to measure the influence of the major radius upon energy confinement. The major radius, minor radius, and aspect ratio were varied over wide ranges (R=2.08–3.2 m, a=0.4–0.9 m, and R/a=2.9–8.0) at constant qc. The energy confinement determined from kinetic diagnostics varies strongly with major radius. The data set is less well suited to determine minor radius scaling, but it appears to be distinctly weaker than the major radius scaling. The anomaly in ion thermal conductivity over neoclassical predictions appears to decline with increasing aspect ratio, which is a better ordering parameter for the magnitude of the anomaly than either the minor radius or the major radius. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870869
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tests of local transport theory and reduced wall impurity influx with highly radiative plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 877-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron temperature (Te) profile in neutral beam-heated supershot plasmas (Te0∼6–7 keV ion temperature Ti0∼15–20 keV, beam power Pb∼16 MW) was remarkably invariant when radiative losses were increased significantly through gas puffing of krypton and xenon in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [McGuire et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)]. Trace impurity concentrations (nz/ne∼10−3) generated almost flat and centrally peaked radiation profiles, respectively, and increased the radiative losses to 45%–90% of the input power (from the normal ∼25%). Energy confinement was not degraded at radiated power fractions up to 80%. A 20%–30% increase in Ti, in spite of an increase in ion–electron power loss, implies a factor of ∼3 drop in the local ion thermal diffusivity. These experiments form the basis for a nearly ideal test of transport theory, since the change in the beam heating power profile is modest, while the distribution of power flow between (1) radiation and (2) conduction plus convection changes radically and is locally measurable. The decrease in Te was significantly less than predicted by two transport models and may provide important tests of more complete transport models. At input power levels of 30 MW, the increased radiation eliminated the catastrophic carbon influx (carbon "bloom") and performance (energy confinement and neutron production) was improved significantly relative to that of matched shots without impurity gas puffing. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873327
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High poloidal beta equilibria in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor limited by a natural inboard poloidal field null (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2277-2284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent operation of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Nucl. Fusion Research 1, 51 (1986)] has produced plasma equilibria with values of Λ≡βp eq+li/2 as large as 7, εβp dia≡2μ0ε〈p⊥〉/〈〈Bp〉〉2 as large as 1.6, and Troyon normalized diamagnetic beta [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 26, 209 (1984); Phys. Lett. 110A, 29 (1985)], βNdia≡108〈βt⊥〉aB0/Ip as large as 4.7. When εβp dia(approximately-greater-than)1.25, a separatrix entered the vacuum chamber, producing a naturally diverted discharge that was sustained for many energy confinement times, τE. The largest values of εβp and plasma stored energy were obtained when the plasma current was ramped down prior to neutral beam injection. The measured peak ion and electron temperatures were as large as 24 and 8.5 keV, respectively. Plasma stored energy in excess of 2.5 MJ and τE greater than 130 msec were obtained. Confinement times of greater than 3 times that expected from L-mode predictions have been achieved. The fusion power gain QDD reached a value of 1.3×10−3 in a discharge with Ip=1 MA and εβp dia=0.85. A large, sustained negative loop voltage during the steady-state portion of the discharge indicates that a substantial noninductive component of Ip exists in these plasmas. Transport code analysis indicates that the bootstrap current constitutes up to 65% of Ip. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning stability analysis shows that, while these plasmas are near, or at the βp limit, the pressure gradient in the plasma core is in the first region of stability to high-n modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859647
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