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  • 1
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    Long-term passive acoustic recordings track the changing distribution of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) from 2004 to 2014 (2017)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 13460, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13359-3.
    Description: Given new distribution patterns of the endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW; Eubalaena glacialis) population in recent years, an improved understanding of spatio-temporal movements are imperative for the conservation of this species. While so far visual data have provided most information on NARW movements, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) was used in this study in order to better capture year-round NARW presence. This project used PAM data from 2004 to 2014 collected by 19 organizations throughout the western North Atlantic Ocean. Overall, data from 324 recorders (35,600 days) were processed and analyzed using a classification and detection system. Results highlight almost year-round habitat use of the western North Atlantic Ocean, with a decrease in detections in waters off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina in summer and fall. Data collected post 2010 showed an increased NARW presence in the mid-Atlantic region and a simultaneous decrease in the northern Gulf of Maine. In addition, NARWs were widely distributed across most regions throughout winter months. This study demonstrates that a large-scale analysis of PAM data provides significant value to understanding and tracking shifts in large whale movements over long time scales.
    Description: This research was funded and supported by many organizations, specified by projects as follows: Data recordings from region 1 were provided by K. Stafford and this research effort was funded by the National Science Foundation #NSF-ARC 0532611. Region 2 data were provided by D. K. Mellinger and S. Nieukirk, funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) #N00014–03–1–0099, NOAA #NA06OAR4600100, US Navy #N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Prevalence of influenza A virus in live-captured North Atlantic gray seals : a possible wild reservoir (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Emerging Microbes and Infections 5 (2016): e81, doi:10.1038/emi.2016.77.
    Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) has been associated with multiple unusual mortality events (UMEs) in North Atlantic pinnipeds, frequently attributed to spillover of virus from wild-bird reservoirs. To determine if endemic infection persists outside of UMEs, we undertook a multiyear investigation of IAV in healthy, live-captured Northwest Atlantic gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). From 2013 to 2015, we sampled 345 pups and 57 adults from Cape Cod, MA, USA and Nova Scotia, Canada consistently detecting IAV infection across all groups. There was an overall viral prevalence of 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4%–12.5%) in weaned pups and 5.3% (CI: 1.2%–14.6%) in adults, with seroprevalences of 19.3% (CI: 15.0%–24.5%) and 50% (CI: 33.7%–66.4%), respectively. Positive sera showed a broad reactivity to diverse influenza subtypes. IAV status did not correlate with measures of animal health nor impact animal movement or foraging. This study demonstrated that Northwest Atlantic gray seals are both permissive to and tolerant of diverse IAV, possibly representing an endemically infected wild reservoir population.
    Description: This work was supported in part by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) HHSN272201400008C, MIT Sea Grant Project 2013-DOH-45-LEV, National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), NMFS #17670-01, NMFS #10080-95 and FWS #53514-13003.
    Keywords: Gray seal ; Halichoerus grypus ; Influenza ; Pinniped ; Reservoir ; Telemetry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Mass coral mortality under local amplification of 2°C ocean warming (2017)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 44586, doi:10.1038/srep44586.
    Description: A 2°C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic climate change. In June 2015, sea surface temperature (SST) of the South China Sea (SCS) increased by 2 °C in response to the developing Pacific El Niño. On its own, this moderate, short-lived warming was unlikely to cause widespread damage to coral reefs in the region, and the coral reef “Bleaching Alert” alarm was not raised. However, on Dongsha Atoll, in the northern SCS, unusually weak winds created low-flow conditions that amplified the 2°C basin-scale anomaly. Water temperatures on the reef flat, normally indistinguishable from open-ocean SST, exceeded 6°C above normal summertime levels. Mass coral bleaching quickly ensued, killing 40% of the resident coral community in an event unprecedented in at least the past 40 years. Our findings highlight the risks of 2°C ocean warming to coral reef ecosystems when global and local processes align to drive intense heating, with devastating consequences.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1031971 and OCE-1605365 to A.L.C), the Sustainability Science Research Program of the Academia Sinica (G.T.F.W. and A.L.C), a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute award to T.M.D., and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to T.M.D.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic dynamics of flow in molecularly narrow pores (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 3427-3431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flow of fluids confined in molecularly narrow pores is studied by molecular dynamics. Strong density variations across the pore render the usual dependence of the local viscosity on local density inappropriate. At separations greater than four molecular diameters flow can be described by a simple redefinition of local viscosity. In narrower pores a dramatic increase of effective viscosities is observed and is due to the inability of fluid layers to undergo the gliding motion of planar flow. This effect is partially responsible for the strong viscosity increases observed experimentally in thin films that still maintain their fluidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458823
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploring potential energy surfaces with transition state calculations (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4308-4319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Means are presented for using stationary points in two ways. One, for well-understood potentials, elucidates relations between the form of the surface and the dynamics that it supports, including the determination of the effective molecular symmetry group. The other, for potentials of uncertain quality, provides a test for unphysical characteristics and suggests how the surface might be improved if it is found to be unsatisfactory in some respect. Our approach involves comparison of transition state calculations using the slowest slide and Cerjan–Miller algorithms for two example systems: the Lennard-Jones Ar7 cluster and the Handy–Carter many-body-expansion potential for the ground state of formaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457790
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean and Gaussian curvatures of randomly decorated Voronoi and cubic tesselations (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 3246-3251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is now generally accepted that some midrange microemulsions are bicontinuous, i.e., continuous in both oil and water simultaneously. The first model of the microstructure of microemulsion that could account for a progression from discrete to bicontinuous was the Talmon–Prager or "randomly decorated Voronoi'' model. Space is tessellated into Voronoi polyhedra and the polyhedra are randomly decorated with oil and water. In variations of the model DeGennes and Taupin and Widom decorate a cubic tesselation of space. At first glance it might appear that the decorated Voronoi and cubic tessellations are zero-mean-curvature models, since they are constructed from polyhedra with planar faces. However, the edges of the polyhedra are concentrations of mean curvature, and the vertices are concentrations of Gaussian curvature. The area-averaged mean and Gaussian curvatures of the oil–water interface in the randomly decorated Voronoi and cubic models are calculated. The area-averaged mean curvatures of the two models are linear functions of oil volume fraction, change sign at a volume fraction of 0.5, and are within 0.2% of one another in magnitude. The area-averaged Gaussian curvature of the Voronoi model varies quadratically with volume fraction, and is negative for oil volume fractions from 0.18 to 0.82 (oil and water are bicontinuous for volume fractions ranging from 0.135 to 0.865). The area-averaged Gaussian curvature of the randomly decorated cubic model is a sixth-order polynomial function of oil volume fraction and is negative for volume fractions ranging from 0.23 to 0.77 (oil and water are bicontinuous over the volume fraction range 0.25 to 0.75). As an additional application, the model results are used to interpret curvature aspects of the bilayer theory of the L3 phase of surfactant solutions presented recently by Cates et al. [Europhys. Lett. 5, 733 (1988)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456899
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model polarizabilities and multipoles for ionic compounds. Alkaline-earth monohalides (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 1656-1663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Törring–Ernst–Kindt (TEK) model for the alkaline-earth monohalide molecules was extended to predict molecular polarizabilities and quadrupole moments in addition to dipoles. Calculations were carried out for the 19 molecules for which experimental bond lengths and vibrational frequencies are known. It was found that for many of these molecules the TEK model predicts negative polarizability anisotropies, α⊥〉α(parallel). This is in disagreement with the dipole-induced dipole, or Silberstein, formula, but in agreement with an empirical correlation between the anisotropy and the molecular asymmetry noted by Winicur. The TEK polarizabilities give rise to a much smaller second-order Legendre anisotropy in the CaCl–Ar interaction potential than was found in earlier work using the Rittner model. The D-shell model applied earlier to the alkali halides was also applied to the 19 alkaline-earth monohalides. With a slight modification it was found to describe both classes of ionic compounds successfully, although less successfully for the alkaline-earth compounds. The D-shell model was shown to be a generalization of the TEK model which includes the effect of the shell overlap on the polarizing fields at the ions. Nevertheless, the TEK model predicts better dipole moments, unless the shell charge is treated as an additional, adjustable parameter in the D-shell model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase space analysis of the collinear I+HI reaction (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 2429-2456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The collinear I+HI reaction is studied using an approach based on the concepts of nonlinear dynamics. Three closed regions in phase space are constructed by connecting the dynamical manifolds emanating from physically important periodic orbits. It is shown that many features of the reaction dynamics can be understood with reference to these regions. The oscillating reaction probability in this system is shown to stem from the geometrical pattern of overlap of heteroclinic oscillations of an interaction region. The process of complex formation is quantitatively described in terms of passage into a well defined complex region of phase space. The phase space representation predicts that the complex formation probability oscillates with energy and suggests that the complex lifetime might oscillate as well. We have carried out simulations which confirm both of these effects. The vibrational adiabatic approximation for the reaction is assessed relative to the exact classical dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase space bottlenecks: A comparison of quantum and classical intramolecular dynamics for collinear OCS (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 3263-3272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We compare quantum and classical mechanics for a collinear model of OCS at an energy (20 000 cm−1) where Davis [J. Chem. Phys. 83, 1016 (1985)] had previously found that phase space bottlenecks associated with golden mean tori inhibit classical flow between different chaotic regions in phase space. Accurate quantum eigenfunctions for this two mode system are found by diagonalizing a large basis of complex Gaussian functions, and these are then used to study the evolution of wave packets which have 20 000 cm−1 average energies. By examining phase space (Husimi) distributions associated with the wave functions, we conclude that these golden mean tori do indeed act as bottlenecks which constrain the wave packets to evolve within one (or a combination of) regions. The golden mean tori do not completely determine the boundaries between regions, however. Bottlenecks associated with resonance trapping and with separatrix formation are also involved. The analysis of the Husimi distributions also indicates that each exact eigenstate is nearly always associated with just one region, and because of this, superpositions of eigenstates that are localized within a region remain localized in that region at all times. This last result differs from the classical picture at this energy where flow across the bottlenecks occurs with a 2–4 ps lifetime. Since the classical phase space area through which flux must pass to cross the bottlenecks is small compared to (h-dash-bar) for OCS, the observed difference between quantum and classical dynamics is not surprising. Examination of the time development of normal mode energies indicates little or no energy flow quantum mechanically for wave packet initial conditions. Classical trajectory bundles constructed from the wave packet phase space distributions also show little or no energy flow even though noticeable flow is observed for more localized bundles chosen from the turnstile associated with flow through the bottleneck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451985
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