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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (51)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (22)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (17)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Based on the high level of extractability of myosin subunits (light chains), even after prolonged heat treatment of muscle, a new method to evaluate the dark muscle content in the fish meat and products of mackerel is proposed. Tissue-specific rabbit antisera with myosin light chains (A1 from ordinary muscle and D1 from dark muscle) from mackerel Scomber japonicus were obtained. Mackerel meat paste (surimi) was dissolved in 8 M urea containing 1% SDS, and diffused on agar plates containing antiserum against A1 or D1 by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). The results obtained showed that the area of halos formed in the plates was quite proportional to the content of dark muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 39 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The resurgence in mycobacterial infection worldwide has led to renewed attention to the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium species. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a principal mediator of macrophage activation, macrophages infected with Mycobacterium are poor in response at the cytokine. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mycobacterial infection remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the poor response to IFN-γ in mycobacterial infection. Our data clearly demonstrate that this is due to induction of suppressor of cytokine signal (SOCS) negative regulators of IFN-γ signal transduction that closely correlates with the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling and gene expression stimulated by IFN-γ. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection induces the production of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in murine J774 macrophages. The level of SOCS-1 mRNA increased 1 h and reached a maximum 3 h after the addition of the bacteria. SOCS-3 mRNA expression appeared as early as 1 h after the infection. We also observed that trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate/cord factor, a major component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall, induces expression of SOCS and inhibits IFN-γ-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT1 extensively in the cells. The results in this study suggest that a molecular mechanism of mycobacterial infection affects the unresponsiveness to IFN-γ in the subsequent growth and spread of macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We previously established murine hybridomas producing a monoclonal antibody monospecific against three glucosyl-transferases (I, SI and S) of Streptococcus mutans which contribute to dental caries formation. Here, we developed a new immunochemical technique (cross-dot system) with which individual levels of glucosyltransferases expressed by S. mutans can be evaluated. We also examined glucosyltransferase production and in vitro artificial plaque formation by a reference strain and several clinical isolates of S. mutans. The findings indicate that the levels of glucosyltransferases produced greatly vary with the cells and the culture medium, and that the cells producing high levels of both glucosyltransferase-SI and glucosyltransferase-I enzymes may possess high in vitro artificial plaque forming ability. We suggest that the cross-dot system will be useful for estimating the cariogenic potential of S. mutans isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 25 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Mycobacterium smegmatis were studied. Five PBPs ranging in Mr from approx. 114000 to 25000 were detected in the cytoplasmic membrane. The affinities of the PBPs for selected β-lactam antibiotics were determined. Most of the antibiotics bound to PBPs 3 and 4 at low concentrations. A penicillin-susceptible mutant and a cefmetazole-resistant mutant were isolated by selection in vitro. The PBPs of these mutants were identical to those of the parent strain. The affinity of cefmetazole for the individual PBPs was identical in each mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The foot, opercular and visceral muscles were excised from the turban shell Batillus cornutus, and their heat-induced changes in toughness and ultrastructure were compared. When heated up to 30°C, the toughness of foot muscle decreased in the upper and middle regions, but increased in the lower region. The toughness of these three regions decreased at temperatures between 50-70°C, where collagen might be denatured. Some changes in toughness were also observed in the opercular muscle by heating up to 30°C, whereas the toughness of visceral muscle remained unchanged over a wide range of temperature. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the intrinsic structure of collagen fibrils in each muscle was lost at 60°C, with partial swelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bluefin tuna oxymyoglobin (oxyMb) solutions were frozen either quickly at −80°C or slowly at −2O°C, thawed, and the metmyoglobin (metMb) to total myoglobin (Mb) ratio (metMb%) determined. When quick freezing was applied, autoxidation was clearly pH-dependent, with a minimum (metMb%, 15–40) at around pH 5.9–6.3. When slowly frozen and thawed, on the other hand, tuna Mb generally showed an extremely high metMb%. Freezing and thawing partially insolubilized tuna Mb, depending upon pH. The Mb showed the minimum ratio of insolubilization at pH 6–6.3 again. Insolubilization of tuna Mb was markedly accelerated by NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing were performed on sarcoplasmic proteins from three taxa of cobitid fish in Japan, Cobitis biwae, C. taenia striata and C. l. taenia. These taxa are hardly distinguishable from each other by external appearance or morphological characters. Electrophoretic patterns of sarcoplasmic proteins from white muscle suggested fixed allelic differences between C. biwae and C. t. striata at two protein-coding loci (parvalbumin and creatine kinase). The third taxon, C. t. taenia, showed composite banding patterns with respect to the above two proteins, suggesting C. t, taenia originated from hybridization between C. biwae and C, t. striata. Previously, C. t, taenia and C. t. striata were believed to have shared a common ancestor subsequent to their divergence from C. biwae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 200 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important plant pathogen which causes bacterial blight of rice. To facilitate genome studies of this bacterium, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of strain MAFF 311018. It consisted of 750 clones representing 16 genome equivalents, and had an insert size ranging from 20 to 220 kb with an average size of 107 kb. This library is the first to be constructed from a X. oryzae pv. oryzae strain. The usefulness of this library was demonstrated through polymerase chain reaction screening of 11 genes and the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region in a 192-clone subset, representing five genome equivalents. The results obtained showed an average of 5.9 BAC clones per screening. This result is in good agreement with the estimated size of the test library, indicating that the constructed BAC library can be used to facilitate genome analysis of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 4 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 26 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The helical coiling state of a glycerinated stalk in the family Vorticellidae had been regarded, without any evidence, as a reversible and completely equilibrated mechano-chemical system regulated by the external free Ca2+ concentration. Our present detailed observations of many individual stalks of glycerinated Vorticella convallaria revealed that the contraction-extension cycle of the helical stalks caused by increasing and decreasing free Ca2+ concentrations in the medium represents a kind of hysteresis. This phenomenon was observed in extensively glycerinated Vorticella in a medium of very low or physiological ionic strength, as well as in briefly glycerinated ciliates. With regard to the configurational change in various parts of a glycerinated stalk during the contraction-extension cycle, it was found that the initial bending of the stalk caused by increasing free Ca2+ concentration begins to take place near the zooid (head) while the initial reextension of the stalk with decreasing free Ca2+ concentration begins to take place near the zooid (head) while the initial reextension of the stalk with decreasing free Ca2+ concentration takes place simultaneously throughout the entire stalk. The Ca2+ threshold for complete reextension of the part of the stalk near the rootlet was found to be much higher than that near the zooid.
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