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  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (491)
  • 1
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    Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation: High Throughput or High Content? (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Due to the global rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in combination with insulin resistance, novel compounds to efficiently treat this pandemic disease are needed. Screening for compounds that induce the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive tissues is an innovative strategy. Here, we compared the applicability of three fluorescence microscopy-based assays optimized for the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation in simple cell systems. An objective-type scanning total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy approach was shown to have high sensitivity but only moderate throughput. Therefore, we implemented a prism-type TIR reader for the simultaneous analysis of large cell populations grown in adapted microtiter plates. This approach was found to be high throughput and have sufficient sensitivity for the characterization of insulin mimetic compounds in live cells. Finally, we applied confocal microscopy to giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) formed from GLUT4-expressing cells. While this assay has only limited throughput, it offers the advantage of being less sensitive to insulin mimetic compounds with high autofluorescence. In summary, the combined implementation of different fluorescence microscopy-based approaches enables the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation with high throughput and high content.
    Print ISSN: 1661-6596
    Electronic ISSN: 1422-0067
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-26
    Description: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2, i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment’s windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium—one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations cx for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10−3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, εT, is derived with precision of
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Scoping the Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Research in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Era (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Description: Amidst a contemporary culture of climate awareness, unprecedented levels of transparency and visibility are forcing industrial organizations to broaden their value chains and deepen the impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. While it may be common knowledge that the 2030 agenda cannot be achieved on a business-as-usual trajectory, this study seeks to determine to what ends the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have impacted CSR research. Highlighting linkages and interdependencies between the SDGs and evolution of CSR practice, this paper analyzes a final sample of 56 relevant journal articles from the period 2015–2020. With the intent of bridging policy and practice, thematic coding analysis has supported the identification and interpretation of key emergent research themes. Using three descriptive categorical classifications (i.e., single-dimension, bi-combination of dimensions, sustainability dimension), the results of this paper provide an in-depth discussion into strategic community, company, consumer, investor, and employee foci. Furthermore, the analysis provides a timely and descriptive overview of how CSR research has approached the SDGs and which ones are being prioritized. By deepening the understanding of potential synergies between business strategy, global climate agendas and the common good, this paper contributes to an increased comprehension of how CSR and financial performance can be improved over the long-term.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 4
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    The Fracture Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Support Structure for Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-04-27
    Description: In the laser powder bed fusion processes for metal additive manufacturing, a support structure is needed to fix the part to the base plate and to support overhanging regions. Currently the importance of support structure for a successful build process is often underestimated and some effects are not yet well understood. Therefore, this study investigates the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of thin additive manufactured struts using the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and specific machine parameters for support structures. Tensile tests were performed for different strut diameters and the fracture surfaces were analyzed using a laser microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the porosity was examined with micro-CT scans. The results were compared with a different set of parameters used for solid parts. The experiments revealed that struts produced with support parameters had no significantly lower tensile strength than the comparative parts. Despite that, some porosity and around two percent of defects on the fracture surface for parts using the solid parameter set have been found. Parts with support parameters show no porosity, even though the energy density is around 30% lower compared to the solid parameter set.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4352
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Multi-Stack Lifetime Improvement through Adapted Power Electronic Architecture in a Fuel Cell Hybrid System (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: To deal with the intermittency of renewable energy resources, hydrogen as an energy carrier is a good solution. The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a device that can directly convert hydrogen energy to electricity is an important part of this solution. However, durability and cost are two hurdles that must be overcome to enable the mass deployment of the technology. In this paper, a management system is proposed for the fuel cells that can cope with the durability issue by a suitable distribution of electrical power between cell groups. The proposed power electronics architecture is studied in this paper. A dynamical average model is developed for the proposed system. The validation of the model is verified by simulation and experimental results. Then, this model is used to prove the stability and robustness of the control method. Finally, the energy management system is assessed experimentally in three different conditions. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed topology for developing a management system with which the instability of cells can be confronted. The experimental results verify that the system can supply the load profile even during the degradation mode of one stack and while trying to cure it.
    Electronic ISSN: 2227-7390
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    Autogenous Eutrophication, Anthropogenic Eutrophication, and Climate Change: Insights from the Antrift Reservoir (Hesse, Germany) (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: Climate change is projected to aggravate water quality impairment and to endanger drinking water supply. The effects of global warming on water quality must be understood better to develop targeted mitigation strategies. We conducted water and sediment analyses in the eutrophicated Antrift catchment (Hesse, Germany) in the uncommonly warm years 2018/2019 to take an empirical look into the future under climate change conditions. In our study, algae blooms persisted long into autumn 2018 (November), and started early in spring 2019 (April). We found excessive phosphorus (P) concentrations throughout the year. At high flow in winter, P desorption from sediments fostered high P concentrations in the surface waters. We lead this back to the natural catchment-specific geochemical constraints of sediment P reactions (dilution- and pH-driven). Under natural conditions, the temporal dynamics of these constraints most likely led to high P concentrations, but probably did not cause algae blooms. Since the construction of a dammed reservoir, frequent algae blooms with sporadic fish kills have been occurring. Thus, management should focus less on reducing catchment P concentrations, but on counteracting summerly dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in the reservoir. Particular attention should be paid to the monitoring and control of sediment P concentrations, especially under climate change.
    Electronic ISSN: 2571-8789
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Physics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 7
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    Regiomontan: A Regional High Precision Ionosphere Delay Model and Its Application in Precise Point Positioning (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-16
    Description: Propagation delays of GNSS signals caused by the ionosphere can range up to several meters in zenith direction and need to be corrected. Geodetic receivers observing at two or more frequencies allow the mitigation of the ionospheric effects by forming linear combinations. However, single frequency users depend on external information. The ionosphere delay model Regiomontan developed at TU Wien is a regional ionospheric delay model providing high accuracy information with a latency of only a few hours. The model is based on dual-frequency phase observations of a regional network operated by EPOSA (Echtzeit Positionierung Austria) and partners. The corrections cover a geographical extent for receiver positions within Austria and are provided in the standardized IONEX format. The performance of Regiomontan as well as its application in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) were tested with our in-house PPP software raPPPid using the so-called uncombined model with ionospheric constraint. Various tests, e.g., analyzing the coordinate convergence behavior or the difference between estimated and modeled ionospheric delay, proving the high level of accuracy provided with Regiomontan. We conclude that Regiomontan performs at a similar level of accuracy as IGS final TEC maps, but with explicitly reduced latency.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 8
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    The Role of Universities in a Sustainable Society. Why Value-Free Research is Neither Possible nor Desirable (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-04-02
    Description: The current climate crisis confronts us with a deep discrepancy between knowledge andaction. Therefore, this article is looking for a readjustment of the relationship between science andsociety. The positivist self-understanding of science and its fragmented organizational form lead toa marginalization of ethical questions. Instead, sustainability calls for a re-examination of thepreconditions and embedding contexts of supposedly value-free research. Faced with the increasingcomplexity of the modern world, ethics must spell out a new “grammar of responsibility” thataddresses the prevalent “declamatory overload of responsibility”. Ethicists can fulfil this role byuncovering and regulating conflicting goals and dilemmas. Instead of playing the role of “marginalecho chambers”, universities ought to assume their social responsibility as structural policy actors.This article suggests a methodology of responsible research as a specific ethical contribution to themodel of “transformative” and “catalytic” science for a “post-normal age”. True to their foundingmission, academia should herald a “New Enlightenment” that is more self-reflexive regarding itsown practical and ethical preconditions, foundations, and consequences. This article presents apossible practical method for fostering the dialogue between the natural sciences and thehumanities and to link research, education, practice, and social communication in new ways. It isconcluded that a foundation of a “whole-rationality approach” with a multidimensionalunderstanding of wisdom and, respectively, rationality and sagacity is necessary for sustainableuniversities.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 9
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    Changes of Conformation in Albumin with Temperature by Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-04-01
    Description: This work presents the analysis of the conformation of albumin in the temperature range of 300 K – 312 K , i.e., in the physiological range. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate values of the backbone and dihedral angles for this molecule. We analyze the global dynamic properties of albumin treated as a chain. In this range of temperature, we study parameters of the molecule and the conformational entropy derived from two angles that reflect global dynamics in the conformational space. A thorough rationalization, based on the scaling theory, for the subdiffusion Flory–De Gennes type exponent of 0 . 4 unfolds in conjunction with picking up the most appreciable fluctuations of the corresponding statistical-test parameter. These fluctuations coincide adequately with entropy fluctuations, namely the oscillations out of thermodynamic equilibrium. Using Fisher’s test, we investigate the conformational entropy over time and suggest its oscillatory properties in the corresponding time domain. Using the Kruscal–Wallis test, we also analyze differences between the mean root mean square displacement of a molecule at various temperatures. Here we show that its values in the range of 306 K – 309 K are different than in another temperature. Using the Kullback–Leibler theory, we investigate differences between the distribution of the mean root mean square displacement for each temperature and time window.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 10
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    “Are You Planning to Follow Your Route?” The Effect of Route Exchange on Decision Making, Trust, and Safety (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-04-13
    Description: The Sea Traffic Management (STM) Validation project is a European based initiative which focuses on connecting and updating the maritime world in real time, with efficient information exchange. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two functions developed during the project: a ship to ship route exchange (S2SREX) function and rendezvous (RDV) information layer, collectively referred to as S2SREX/RDV. S2SREX displays the route segment consisting of the next seven waypoints of the monitored route of a collaborating ship and the RDV layer that predicts a meeting point. S2SREX/RDV provides supplementary information to data acquired by existing navigation systems and is intended to improve situational awareness and safety through a more comprehensive understanding of the surrounding traffic. Chalmers University of Technology and Solent University completed an experiment using twentyfour experienced navigators in bridge simulators. Six traffic scenarios were developed by subject matter experts and tested with and without S2SREX/RDV functionalities. Qualitative data were collected using post-test questionnaires and group debriefs to evaluate the participants’ perceptions of S2SREX/RDV in the various traffic scenarios, and quantitative data were collected to assess the ship distances and behavior in relation to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). The results revealed that participants generally trusted the S2SREX/RDV information, and most used S2SREX/RDV for decision support. The quantitative assessment revealed that the COLREGs were breached more often when S2SREX/RDV was used. Experimental findings are discussed in relation to safety, trust, reliance, situational awareness, and humanautomation interaction constructs.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-1312
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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