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  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (5)
  • Emerald  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strengthening learning processes in natural resource management in developing countries through interdisciplinary and problem-oriented learning (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of sustainability in higher education 4 (2003), S. 106-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6370
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Education
    Notes: In 1998 three Danish universities developed an interdisciplinary, problem-oriented curriculum in order to strengthen capacity-building capabilities in the area of environmental education, training and research at universities and research organisations in Malaysia and Thailand earmarked for environment and development assistance by the Danish government. The programme, which was partly implemented in developing countries as periods of fieldwork, represented important educational innovations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these activities. The distinct principles forming the educational foundation of the programme were identified. These related to the curriculum organization, the learning tasks and the learning environment. The first step in a cogent evaluation process was to examine how the educational principles were oprerationalized into practical teaching/learning steps. In the next step, they formed the criteria for the evaluation. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative data it was shown that the programme fulfilled the stipulated accademic requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14676370310467104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Turnover of Urea in a Soil from the North China Plain as Affected by the Urease Inhibitor NBPT and Wheat Straw (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-16
    Description: In the North China Plain (NCP), urea is applied to predominantly high-pH soils and high gaseous losses of N are observed in the forms of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The production of N2O and N2 is further stimulated by the addition of fresh organic materials. The urease inhibitor (UI) N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) restricts the loss of N by reducing the rate of urea hydrolysis and limiting the substrates for NH3 and N2O emission. We investigated the turnover of N—as well as the emissions of NH3, N2O and CO2—as affected by the addition of wheat straw and urea +NBPT in an incubation experiment using soil from a farmer’s field, typical for the NCP. Added wheat straw prolonged the persistence of NH4+ after the application of both urea and urea +NBPT, while reducing the formation of nitrate. Wheat straw may therefore either act as a stimulant of hydrolysis or as an inhibitor of nitrification. Urea increased soil respiration and the emission of N2O, possibly acting as a primer for microbial activity as described in earlier studies. In combination with the application of organic C sources, this effect of urea may be a main driver of gaseous N loss.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Effect of Nitrification Inhibitors on N2O Emissions after Cattle Slurry Application (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-11
    Description: Cattle slurry injection (INJ) has shown to be an efficient measure to reduce ammonia (NH3) losses from soils but it might also significantly increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which can dominate the total greenhouse gas (GHG) release in silage maize production (Zea mays L.). Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are known for their potential to mitigate N2O. Therefore, we tested the effect of NIs added to cattle slurry before INJ on N2O fluxes from a Haplic Luvisol under silage maize in southwest Germany. We determined N2O fluxes at least weekly, with the closed chamber method over two full years. NIs differ in their chemical and physical behavior and we therefore tested a range of commercially available NIs: 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazol succinic acid, a mixture of both, nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, and 1,2,4 triazol and 3-methylpyrazol. Although not significant, INJ treatments with NI showed lower mean annual N2O emissions than the INJ treatment without NI in the 1st year. The emission reduction by NI of 46% in the 2nd year was statistically significant. In both years, we did not find any difference in N2O release, crop yield, or nitrogen removal between the different NI treatments. In the 1st year, which was extraordinary dry and warm, emission factors (EFs) for all INJ treatments were 4 to 8-fold higher than default EF from the IPCC. Even in the 2nd year, only three NI treatments reached EFs within the range provided by the IPCC. Direct N2O accounted for between 81 and 91% of the total GHG emission. Area- and yield-related GHG emission of the broadcast application with subsequent incorporation was in both years in the statistical class with lowest emission. In contrast, INJ with NIs showed similar GHG emissions in only one year, and consequently, incorporation was found to be the optimum management practice for livestock farmers in our study region.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    Sensitivity of Three Phosphate Extraction Methods to the Application of Phosphate Species Differing in Immediate Plant Availability (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-10
    Description: Extractive tests for determining the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P) give varying results due to the inherently different characteristics of the extraction solution. Generally, classical soil P tests such as the Olsen or calcium acetate/lactate (CAL) method do not give an indication on the total amount of plant available P, but merely give an indication of the equilibrium between soil and extraction solution. It is also not entirely clear which fractions of P are directly determined through the various methods of extraction, i.e., determined P must not be immediately plant available, as is the case for rock phosphate. It is therefore possible that extraction methods either over or under estimate the amount of P available for plant consumption. In this research, we compared three methods of soil P determination (CAL, Olsen and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)) with regards to their ability to determine P species (Ca(H2PO4)2, CaHPO4, Ca3(PO4)2 and Inositol-6-hexakisphosphate) added to soils of high sorption capacity, immediately after as well as two weeks after application. For each of the methods, it could be shown that sorption processes in the soil immediately (0 days incubation) fix P to a point where it is not extractable through any of the described methods. These sorption processes continue over time, leading to a further decrease of determined P. The acidic CAL extraction method gives higher results of extractable P compared to the Olsen method. Due to the extraction of Ca3(PO4)2, the CAL method may overestimate immediately plant-available P. The most suitable methods for the determination of immediately plant available P may therefore be the Olsen and DGT methods. Organic IP6 is not determined by any of the extraction methods. At low concentrations of soil P, the DGT method may fail to give results.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Effect of Broccoli Residue and Wheat Straw Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Silt Loam Soil (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main greenhouse gases and its emissions from vegetable production systems have brought a sustainability challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of reducing N2O emissions from silt loam soil by mixing nitrogen (N)-rich broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) residue with wheat straw or water-washed wheat straw. An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with five treatments; unamended or control (BS), wheat straw (+S), broccoli residue (+CR), broccoli residue and wheat straw (+CR+S) and broccoli residue and washed wheat straw (+CR+Sw) and was replicated four times. The +CR and +S were added at the rate of 3.5 kg and 2.0 kg fresh matter m−2 and their mixtures, +CR+S and +CR+Sw, were incorporated in 3.5 kg of silt loam soil at 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS) and packed in soil microcosms. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured once a day during the 14-day of study period. Daily fluxes of N2O were found to be reduced on +CR+W and +CR+Sw when compared to single-amended +CR treatment. Similarly, N2O fluxes on +CR+Sw (2772 µg N m−2 h−1) were significantly lower than +CR+S (3606 µg N m−2 h−1) soon after the amendment but did not vary significantly thereafter. Moreover, the amendment mixture, +CR+S and +Cr+Sw, resulted in lower net N2O emissions by 73.3% and 74.2%, respectively, relative to +CR treatment. While the results clearly suggest that the +CR+S or +CR+Sw reduced N2O emissions, it necessitated further studies, possibly by increasing the frequency of sampling to clarify if washed wheat straw would further mitigate N2O emissions from the vegetable production system.
    Electronic ISSN: 2504-3129
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-27
    Description: The search for approaches to a holistic sustainable agriculture requires the development of new cropping systems that provide additional ecosystem services beyond biomass supply for food, feed, material, and energy use. The reduction of chemical synthetic plant protection products is a key instrument to protect vulnerable natural resources such as groundwater and biodiversity. Together with an optimal use of mineral fertilizer, agroecological practices, and precision agriculture technologies, a complete elimination of chemical synthetic plant protection in mineral-ecological cropping systems (MECSs) may not only improve the environmental performance of agroecosystems, but also ensure their yield performance. Therefore, the development of MECSs aims to improve the overall ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes by (i) improving the provision of regulating ecosystem services compared to conventional cropping systems and (ii) improving the supply of provisioning ecosystem services compared to organic cropping systems. In the present review, all relevant research levels and aspects of this new farming concept are outlined and discussed based on a comprehensive literature review and the ongoing research project “Agriculture 4.0 without Chemical-Synthetic Plant Protection”.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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