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  • Cambridge University Press  (2)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (2)
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  • 1
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    Implementation and Validation of a Free Open Source 1D Water Hammer Code (2018)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-03
    Description: This paper presents a free code for calculating 1D hydraulic transients in liquid-filled piping. The transient of focus is the Water Hammer phenomenon which may arise due to e.g., sudden valve closure, pump start/stop etc. The method of solution of the system of partial differential equations given by the continuity and momentum balance is the Method of Characteristics (MOC). Various friction models ranging from steady-state and quasi steady-state to unsteady friction models including Convolution Based models (CB) as well as an Instantaneous Acceleration Based (IAB) model are implemented. Furthermore, two different models for modelling cavitation/column separation are implemented. Column separation may occur during low pressure pulses if the pressure decreases below the vapour pressure of the fluid. The code implementing the various models are compared to experiments from the literature. All experiments consist of an upstream reservoir, a straight pipe and a downstream valve.
    Electronic ISSN: 2311-5521
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of AIS reception in Arctic regions from space by using a stratospheric balloon flight (2011)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-29
    Description: Due to the increased melting season in the arctic regions, especially in the seas surrounding Greenland, there has been an increased interest in utilising these waterways, both as an efficient transport route and an attractive leisure destination. However, with heavier traffic comes an increased risk of accidents. Due to the immense size and poor infrastructure of Greenland, it is not feasible to deploy ground based ship monitoring stations throughout the Greenland coastline. Thus the only feasible solution is to perform such surveillance from space. In this paper it is shown how it is possible to receive transmissions from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) from space and the quality of the received AIS signal is analysed. To validate the proposed theory, a field study, utilising a prototype of AAUSAT3, the third satellite from Aalborg University, was performed using a stratospheric balloon flight in the northern part of Sweden and Finland during the autumn of 2009. The analysis finds that, assuming a similar ship distribution as in the Barents Sea, it is feasible to monitor the ship traffic around Greenland from space with a satisfactory result.
    Print ISSN: 0032-2474
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-3057
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    A harbour theory for wind-generated waves based on ray methods (1978)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-12
    Description: In the paper we consider harbour oscillations excited by wind-generated gravity waves. The analysis is based on the fact that waves propagate along rays (wave orthogonals). In this way the elliptic boundary-value problem is turned into an initial-value problem along each ray. When a ray strikes the boundary (the harbour walls), reflected rays are produced in accordance with the law of reflexion. When a ray strikes an edge point of the boundary (e.g. the tip of a breakwater) diffracted rays are produced and emitted in all directions into the harbour. Algorithms for the tracing of incident, multiply reflected and singly diffracted rays as well as the computation of the field on each ray are presented. Attenuation mechanisms (e.g. partial reflexion), which limit the number of rays needed to compute the field, are included. Numerical examples for a rectangular and an actual harbour are given. A comparison between the results obtained by ray methods and finite difference methods is included. © 1978, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    Monocyte Infiltration and Differentiation in 3D Multicellular Spheroid Cancer Models (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-30
    Description: Tumor-associated macrophages often correlate with tumor progression, and therapies targeting immune cells in tumors have emerged as promising treatments. To select effective therapies, we established an in vitro 3D multicellular spheroid model including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes. We analyzed monocyte infiltration and differentiation in spheroids generated from fibroblasts and either of the cancer cell lines MCF-7, HT-29, PANC-1, or MIA PaCa-2. Monocytes rapidly infiltrated spheroids and differentiated into mature macrophages with diverse phenotypes in a cancer cell line-dependent manner. MIA PaCa-2 spheroids polarized infiltrating monocytes to M2-like macrophages with high CD206 and CD14 expression, whereas monocytes polarized by MCF-7 spheroids displayed an M1-like phenotype. Monocytes in HT-29 and PANC-1 primarily obtained an M2-like phenotype but also showed upregulation of M1 markers. Analysis of the secretion of 43 soluble factors demonstrated that the cytokine profile between spheroid cultures differed considerably depending on the cancer cell line. Secretion of most of the cytokines increased upon the addition of monocytes resulting in a more inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic environment. These multicellular spheroids can be used to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in vitro and provide more realistic 3D cancer models allowing the in vitro screening of immunotherapeutic compounds.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-0817
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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