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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eastern Pacific cooling and Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 512-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 443, 846–849 (2006) In Figure 1 of this Letter, the units of organic carbon burial flux on the left y axis should be g m-2 yr-1 and not ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05377
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eastern Pacific cooling and Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 443 (2006), S. 846-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Surface ocean conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean could hold the clue to whether millennial-scale global climate change during glacial times was initiated through tropical ocean–atmosphere feedbacks or by changes in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. North Atlantic cold ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05222
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  • 3
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    Multimolecular tracers of terrestrial carbon transfer across the pan-Arctic : 14C characteristics of sedimentary carbon components and their environmental controls (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29 (2015): 1855–1873, doi:10.1002/2015GB005204.
    Description: Distinguishing the sources, ages, and fate of various terrestrial organic carbon (OC) pools mobilized from heterogeneous Arctic landscapes is key to assessing climatic impacts on the fluvial release of carbon from permafrost. Through molecular 14C measurements, including novel analyses of suberin- and/or cutin-derived diacids (DAs) and hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), we compared the radiocarbon characteristics of a comprehensive suite of terrestrial markers (including plant wax lipids, cutin, suberin, lignin, and hydroxy phenols) in the sedimentary particles from nine major arctic and subarctic rivers in order to establish a benchmark assessment of the mobilization patterns of terrestrial OC pools across the pan-Arctic. Terrestrial lipids, including suberin-derived longer-chain DAs (C24,26,28), plant wax FAs (C24,26,28), and n-alkanes (C27,29,31), incorporated significant inputs of aged carbon, presumably from deeper soil horizons. Mobilization and translocation of these “old” terrestrial carbon components was dependent on nonlinear processes associated with permafrost distributions. By contrast, shorter-chain (C16,18) DAs and lignin phenols (as well as hydroxy phenols in rivers outside eastern Eurasian Arctic) were much more enriched in 14C, suggesting incorporation of relatively young carbon supplied by runoff processes from recent vegetation debris and surface layers. Furthermore, the radiocarbon content of terrestrial markers is heavily influenced by specific OC sources and degradation status. Overall, multitracer molecular 14C analysis sheds new light on the mobilization of terrestrial OC from arctic watersheds. Our findings of distinct ages for various terrestrial carbon components may aid in elucidating fate of different terrestrial OC pools in the face of increasing arctic permafrost thaw.
    Description: Chinese National Key Development Program for Basic Research Grant Numbers: 2014CB954003, 2015CB954201; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Headquarters of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Swedish Research Council; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Russian Foundation of Basic Research Grant Numbers: (13-05-12028, 13-05-12041; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Nordic Council of Ministers; Government of the Russian Federation Grant Number: 2013-220-04-157; Swiss National Science foundation. Grant Number: (200021_140850 US National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Numbers: OCE-9907129, OCE-0137005, OCE-0526268; Stanley Watson Chair for Excellence in Oceanography Grant Number: 825.10.022; ETH Zürich; NWO Rubicon; Veni Grant Number: 863.12.004; UK NERC Grant Number: NE/I024798/1; NSF. Grant Numbers: 0436118, 0732555, 1107774
    Description: 2016-05-02
    Keywords: Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis ; Terrestrial carbon markers ; Pan-arctic rivers ; Diacids ; Lignin ; Plant wax lipids
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Biological and physical controls on the flux and characteristics of sinking particles on the Northwest Atlantic margin (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 4539–4553, doi:10.1002/2016JC012549.
    Description: Biogenic matter characteristics and radiocarbon contents of organic carbon (OC) were examined on sinking particle samples intercepted at three nominal depths of 1000 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m (∼50 m above the seafloor) during a 3 year sediment trap program on the New England slope in the Northwest Atlantic. We have sought to characterize the sources of sinking particles in the context of vertical export of biogenic particles from the overlying water column and lateral supply of resuspended sediment particles from adjacent margin sediments. High aluminum (Al) abundances and low OC radiocarbon contents indicated contributions from resuspended sediment which was greatest at 3000 m but also significant at shallower depths. The benthic source (i.e., laterally supplied resuspended sediment) of opal appears negligible based on the absence of a correlation with Al fluxes. In comparison, CaCO3 fluxes at 3000 m showed a positive correlation with Al fluxes. Benthic sources accounted for 42 ∼ 63% of the sinking particle flux based on radiocarbon mass balance and the relationship between Al flux and CaCO3 flux. Episodic pulses of Al at 3000 m were significantly correlated with the near-bottom current at a nearby hydrographic mooring site, implying the importance of current variability in lateral particle transport. However, Al fluxes at 1000 m and 2000 m were coherent but differed from those at 3000 m, implying more than one mode of lateral supply of particles in the water column.
    Description: NSF Ocean Sciences Chemical Oceanography program Grant Numbers: OCE-0425677, OCE-0851350; Ocean and Climate Change Institute of WHOI
    Description: 2017-12-01
    Keywords: Sinking particle flux ; Biological carbon pump ; Radiocarbon ; Lateral particle supply ; Sediment resuspension ; Northwest Atlantic ; Sediment trap
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Organic carbon aging during across‐shelf transport (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 45 (2018): 8425-8434, doi:10.1029/2018GL078904.
    Description: Compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis was performed on different grain‐size fractions of surficial sediments to examine and compare lateral transport times (LTTs) of organic carbon. 14C aging of long‐chain leaf wax fatty acids along two dispersal pathways of fluvially derived material on adjacent continental margins implies LTTs over distances of ~30 to 500 km that range from hundreds to thousands of years. The magnitude of aging differs among grain size fractions. Our finding suggests that LTTs vary both temporally and spatially as a function of the specific properties of different continental shelf settings. Observations suggest that 14C aging is widespread during lateral transport over continental shelves, with hydrodynamic particle sorting inducing age variations among organic components residing in different grain sizes. Consideration of these phenomena is of importance for understanding carbon cycle processes and interpretation on sedimentary records on continental margins.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Numbers: 41520104009, 41521064; MOE; JSPS Grant Numbers: A‐1003, 2‐1304, B‐0904, B‐0903, 22310014, 23651021, 25550020; NIES; SNSF Grant Number: 200021_140850
    Keywords: Radiocarbon ; Lateral particle transport time ; Organic carbon aging ; Continental shelf sediments ; Grain size fractions
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Millennial soil retention of terrestrial organic matter deposited in the Bengal Fan (2018)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 8 (2018): 11997, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30091-8.
    Description: The abundance of organic carbon (OC) in vegetation and soils (~2,600 PgC) compared to carbon in the atmosphere (~830 PgC) highlights the importance of terrestrial OC in global carbon budgets. The residence time of OC in continental reservoirs, which sets the rates of carbon exchange between land and atmosphere, represents a key uncertainty in global carbon cycle dynamics. Retention of terrestrial OC can also distort bulk OC- and biomarker-based paleorecords, yet continental storage timescales remain poorly quantified. Using “bomb” radiocarbon (14C) from thermonuclear weapons testing as a tracer, we model leaf-wax fatty acid and bulk OC 14C signatures in a river-proximal marine sediment core from the Bay of Bengal in order to constrain OC storage timescales within the Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) watershed. Our model shows that 79–83% of the leaf-waxes in this core were stored in continental reservoirs for an average of 1,000–1,200 calendar years, while the remainder was stored for an average of 15 years. This age structure distorts high-resolution organic paleorecords across geologically rapid events, highlighting that compound-specific proxy approaches must consider storage timescales. Furthermore, these results show that future environmental change could destabilize large stores of old - yet reactive - OC currently stored in tropical basins.
    Description: We acknowledge funding support from the Agouron Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship (K.L.F), the US National Science Foundation (Awards: OCE-1333387 and OCE-13333826), the Investment in Science Fund given primarily by WHOI Trustee and Corporation Members, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Award: 200020_163162).
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  • 7
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    Temporal and spatial variability of particle transport in the deep Arctic Canada Basin (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120 (2015): 2784–2799, doi:10.1002/2014JC010643.
    Description: To better understand the current carbon cycle and potentially detect its change in the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean, we examined sinking particles collected quasi-continuously over a period of 7 years (2004–2011) by bottom-tethered sediment trap moorings in the central Canada Basin. Total mass flux was very low (〈100 mg m−2 d−1) at all sites and was temporally decoupled from the cycle of primary production in surface waters. Extremely low radiocarbon contents of particulate organic carbon and high aluminum contents in sinking particles reveal high contributions of resuspended sediment to total sinking particle flux in the deep Canada Basin. Station A (75°N, 150°W) in the southwest quadrant of the Canada Basin is most strongly influenced while Station C (77°N, 140°W) in the northeast quadrant is least influenced by lateral particle supply based on radiocarbon content and Al concentration. The results at Station A, where three sediment traps were deployed at different depths, imply that the most likely mode of lateral particle transport was as thick clouds of enhanced particle concentration extending well above the seafloor. At present, only 1%–2% of the low levels of new production in Canada Basin surface waters reaches the interior basin. Lateral POC supply therefore appears to be the major source of organic matter to the interior basin. However, ongoing changes to surface ocean boundary conditions may influence both lateral and vertical supply of particulate material to the deep Canada Basin.
    Description: This research was funded by the NSF Division of Polar Programs (ARC-0909377), the Ocean and Climate Change Institute of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and ETH Zürich. J.H. and M.K. were partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government (2011–0013629).
    Keywords: Canada Basin ; Particulate organic carbon ; Lateral supply ; Radiocarbon ; Carbon cycle
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Spatiotemporal variation of the quality, origin, and age of particulate organic matter transported by the Yangtze River (Changjiang) (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 123 (2018): 2908-2921, doi:10.1029/2017JG004285.
    Description: Information on the age dynamics of particulate organic matter (POM) in large river systems is currently sparse and represents an important knowledge gap in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Here we examine variations in organic geochemical characteristics of suspended sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) system collected between 1997 and 2010. Higher particulate organic carbon content (POC%) values were observed in the middle reach, especially after 2003, and are attributed to the increase of in situ (aquatic) primary production associated with decreased total suspended matter concentrations. Corresponding Δ14C values from depth profiles taken in 2009 and 2010 indicate spatial and temporal variations in POC sources within the basin. Two isotopic mass balance approaches were explored to quantitatively apportion different sources of Changjiang POM. Results indicate that contributions of biomass and pre‐aged soil organic matter are dominant, regardless of hydrological conditions, with soil‐derived organic carbon comprising 17–56% of POC based on a Monte Carlo three‐end‐member mixing model. In contrast, binary mixing model calculations suggest that up to 80% of POC (2009 samples only) derived from biospheric sources. The emplacement of the Three Gorges Dam and resulting trapping of sediment from the upper reach of the watershed resulted in a modification of POM 14C ages in the reservoir. With the resulting decline in sediment load and increase in the proportion of modern POC in the lower reach, these changes in POM flux and composition of the Changjiang have significant implications for downstream carbon cycle processes.
    Description: Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Numbers: 41530960, 41276081
    Description: 2019-03-15
    Keywords: Organic carbon ; Changjiang ; Radiocarbon ; Suspended particulate matter ; Three Gorges Dam
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14 (2013): 5263–5285, doi:10.1002/2013GC004904.
    Description: Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility ±3–4°C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility ±0.41 on a scale of 0–1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0°C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the “true” (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.
    Description: S.S. thanks the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for financial support through a VICI grant and Jaap van der Meer for advice and support on the statistical analysis. A.P. thanks Susan Carter for laboratory assistance and NSF-OCE for funding. A.R.M. thanks Jordi Coello and N uria Moraleda for advice and support on the statistical analysis and Spanish Ministry for research and innovation (MICIIN) for funding. V.G. thanks Xavier Philippon and Carl Johnson for technical assistance. K.G. and M.W. thank the Australian Research Council and John de Laeter Centre for funding toward the LC-MS system, and ARC Fellowship awarded to K.G. C.L.Z. thanks the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and the Chinese ‘‘National Thousand Talents’’ program for supporting the LC-MS work performed at Tongji University.
    Description: 2014-06-20
    Keywords: TEX86 ; BIT ; GDGT ; Round robin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Decoupled sedimentary records of combustion : causes and implications (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, [year]. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 43 (2016): 5098–5108, doi:10.1002/2016GL069253.
    Description: Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is a collective term for carbon-rich residues comprised of a continuum of products arising from biomass burning and fossil-fuel combustion. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment where it can be transported by wind and water before being deposited in aquatic sediments. We compare results from four different methods used to trace PyC that were applied to a high-temporal resolution sedimentary record in order to constrain changes in PyC concentrations and fluxes over the past ~250 years. We find markedly discordant records for different PyC tracers, particularly during the preindustrial age, implying different origins and modes of supply of sedimentary PyC. In addition to providing new insights into the composition of sedimentary combustion products, this study reveals that elucidation of past combustion processes and development of accurate budgets of PyC production and deposition on local to regional scales requires careful consideration of both source characteristics and transport processes.
    Description: UZH; NSF Grant Numbers: OCE-9708478, CHE-0089172
    Description: 2016-11-30
    Keywords: Decoupled pyrogenic carbon records ; Aquatic sediments ; Organic carbon cycling ; Local and regional sources ; Transport pathways
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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