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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 194-200 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: By means of several low temperature devices the solid hydrous phases of the AgI–NaI–H2O system have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission Laue photography, and polarizing microscopy. The density, composition and unit-cell parameters have been determined for three distinct AgI–NaI hydrates for which the stability regions correspond to phases C, E, and F previously reported by Davis [J. Atmos. Sci. (1969), 26, 1042]. The cell assignments are based on determinations of axial ratios from the Laue photographs and interplanar spacing analyses utilizing the Hesse–Lipson technique, Cohen cell-parameter refinement and the de Wolff cell-reliability criteria. All phases are of the composition AgI–NaI–nH2O with phase C at 25 °C having n = 4, ρ = 3.0 g.cm−3 (measured and calculated) and indexing on the basis of a monoclinic cell with parameters a0 = 7.573, b0 = 9.454, c0 = 12.403 Å, and β = 92.43° with Z = 4. Phase F at −10 °C is also monoclinic with a0 = 5.757, b0 = 13.563 and c0 = 12.541 Å and β = 103.05° with Z = 4, and n = 4. Phase E appears to consist of two structures, very similar but differing in cell volume by 2.8%. We believe this to be due to varying water content, the n = 3 phase being metastable. The cell reliability factor is less than 10 for both cells and indexing is considered to be tentative.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 19 (1986), S. 274-274 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Recently discovered errors in sample preparation for the original study by Davis & Johnson [J. Appl. Cryst. (1984). 17, 331–333] have revealed that the reference intensity ratio data of Table 1 are incorrect. The reference intensity ratios for the three sets of reflections given in Table 1 have been remeasured and are as follows: 020 + 1{\bar 1}0 = 1.92; 021 + 002 = 1.16; and 1{\bar 3}0 = 0.88. The resulting average reference intensity ratio for the letovicite 111 reflection (the strongest of the pattern) is 1.15(5). Fortunately, the reference constant study was completed independently of the powder diffraction and Laue study and hence the cell constants, diffraction intensities and spacings presented in this paper are not affected by these errors.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 507-514 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An X-ray diffraction study of the AgI–KI–H2O chemical system was conducted by injecting an acetonic solution of a 2:1 mole ratio of AgI:KI directly upon an inert substrate thermally strapped to a thermoelectric cold stage. The atmosphere over the stage was controlled from 0.6 mb water vapor pressure to saturation while the temperature was varied from −22 to 25°C. Under these conditions four distinct crystalline phases are formed. Crystals of phase AK (KAg4I5) appear as the acetone evaporates. Moisture available from the ambient atmosphere functions as a catalyst as the newly formed AK transforms to phase BK (K2AgI3). At higher vapor pressures a second transformation results in phase CK. All phases break down and form an aqueous solution of KI plus equant AgI crystals (complex DK) at saturation vapor pressures. Another hydrous phase EK occurs below 0°C. The most probable composition of phases CK and EK is KAg2I3.H2O and KAg3I4.8H2O respectively. Nucleation studies show that the KI system is a poorer artificial nucleant of ice than the NH4I–AgI system above −10°C. Kinetics of the system suggest an absence of any free AgI for aerosols released from airborne platforms or from ground seeding stations.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 331-333 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A combination of X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal Laue photography was used to determine the unit-cell parameters for letovicite. μr = 247.25. The unit cell is triclinic, P1 or P{\bar 1}, and has dimensions a0 = 5.87(1), b0 = 10.17(3), c0 = 8.27(1) Å, α = 101.1(4), β = 111.1(1), γ = 89.9(2)°, V = 450.7 Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.82 Mg m−3. The M(20) cell reliability is 23.8. Many weak powder spectra were observed, which preclude the possibility of monoclinic cell symmetry previously reported. Projection of the letovicite Laue data along [001] reveals the striking pseudo-hexagonal symmetry observed optically. The JCPDS Diffraction File No. for ammonium hydrogen sulfate is 35-1500.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 98-105 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The density, composition, X-ray powder data, unit-cell parameters, and stability fields are reported for five phases of the AgI–NH4I–H2O chemical system. The determinations were made by X-ray powder diffraction but with some aid from polarizing optical microscopy. Provisional cell assignments are: phase An (4AgI.NH4I) is cubic, phase Bn (3AgI.NH4I.6H2O) monoclinic, phase Cn (AgI.2NH4I) orthorhombic, phase E〈inf/〉n (AgI.2NH4I.H2O) orthorhombic, and phase Fn (2AgI.NH4I.2H2O) monoclinic. Upon combustion of an acetone solution of silver iodide and ammonium iodide, phase An forms and, when injected into the atmosphere, transforms to phases Fn or Bn as determined by the available moisture and temperature.
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