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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 143-153 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The heavier halide molecules form layered crystals indicative of the presence of a specific directed intermolecular interaction. It is shown that this interaction within the crystal can be defined and characterized using the topology of the electron density within the theory of atoms in crystals. It is also shown that its presence in the crystal and the resulting geometry of the layered structure can be predicted in terms of the topology of the Laplacian distribution of an isolated Cl2 molecule, as it relates to the definition of Lewis acid and base sites within the valence shell of an atom. The generality of the definition of both primary and secondary interactions in terms of the topology of the electron density is demonstrated for all types of crystal. The electron density of solid molecular chlorine was determined by fitting the experimental X-ray structure factors and by theoretical calculation and its topology determined. Each Cl atom is found to be linked by bond paths, lines of maximum electron density, to twelve other atoms in the crystal: to four atoms in the same layer parallel to the bc plane, one of which defines the intramolecular bond of the Cl2 group, to six atoms in the four neighbouring molecules lying in the same stack parallel to the b axis and to two atoms in molecules situated in a neighbouring stack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 0-0 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: Hot-spot effect is well-known in the practical application of solar cells. The faults of hot spots seriously affect the performance and service life of solar cells. In order to highlight the infrared and visible complementary information of hot spots and discover more details, this paper presents a novel method, which fuses an infrared image saliency map based on random rectangular regions of interest with visible image by NonSubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT). Firstly, the infrared hot spots image was detected by saliency map which is randomly sampled. Secondly, the infrared and visible image of the hot spots are transformed into high-frequency and low-frequency sub-bands by NSCT. Finally, absolute value maximization and saliency map guidance are used to fuse low-frequency and high-frequency sub-bands respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with a set of related fusion methods, the presented method can better highlight the hot spots and other abund...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: In order to solve the problem of high-salt ballast wastewater treatment, Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor of new packing activated sludge process used to simulate an experimental study. When Chloride ion concentration is 20±2g/L, the impacts of reaction period and anoxic time (Ta) / aerobic time (To) on the effect of the treatment process and sludge activity were investigated. The results show the salt acclimation SBBR process can effectively remove organic contaminants; when the reaction period was 49h, the removal rates of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reached more than 91.0%, and the removal rate of NH+ 4 -N was 83.3%, the removal rate of Total Nitrogen (TN) was 67.7%, and the effluent concentration of COD, NH+ 4 -N and TN were respectively 45.7mg/L, 7.8mg/L and 18.6mg/L. At this time, TF reached 43.6pg/ml. With the Ta / To increase, the degree of denitrification increased and the nitrification rate reduced. When Ta/To 1:3, the optimal nitrogen removal appeared, ammonia remova...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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