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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (11)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 1762-1774 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nonrelativistic and relativistic Hartree–Fock (HF) and configuration interaction (CI) calculations have been performed in order to analyze the relativistic and correlation effects in various diatomic gold compounds. It is found that relativistic effects reverse the trend in most molecular properties down the group (11). The consequences for gold chemistry are described. Relativistic bond stabilizations or destabilizations are dependent on the electronegativity of the ligand, showing the largest bond destabilization for AuF (86 kJ/mol at the CI level) and the largest stabilization for AuLi (−174 kJ/mol). Relativistic bond contractions lie between 1.09 (AuH+) and 0.16 A(ring) (AuF). Relativistic effects of various other properties are discussed. A number of as yet unmeasured spectroscopic properties, such as bondlengths (re), dissociation energies (De), force constants (ke), and dipole moments (μe), are predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4956-4969 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Presuming that chemical insight can be gained from the difference between the molecular electron density and the superposition of the ground-state densities of the atoms in a molecule, it is pointed out that, for atoms with degenerate ground states, an unpromoted "atom in a molecule'' is represented by a specific ensemble of the degenerate atomic ground-state wave functions and that this ensemble is determined by the anisotropic local surroundings. The resulting atomic density contributions are termed oriented ground state densities, and the corresponding density difference is called the chemical deformation density. The constraints implied by this conceptual approach for the atomic density contributions are formulated and a method is developed for determining them from x-ray scattering data. The electron density of the appropriate promolecule and its x-ray scattering are derived, the determination of the parameters of the promolecule is outlined, and the chemical deformation density is formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 9296-9308 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Density functional (DF) calculations have been performed on LaO, EuO, GdO, YbO and YbF. Gradient-exchange and correlation functionals work satisfactorily in the outer valence shells of these molecules, but less well for the localized lanthanide f-shells. Relativistic corrections to bond lengths, bond energies and vibrational frequencies are of quite different magnitudes and origins. The inner Ln 4f-shell has a fractional electron population in several molecular states. We corroborate the assignment of the 0+ ground state of YbO as configuration mixed Yb2+(f14/f13s)O2−. The effective charge distribution of the lanthanide oxides is at best approximated by Ln+O−. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 2135-2143 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recently developed effective Schrödinger-like Hamiltonian equation (EHA) in a model space of near-degenerate nonrelativistic two-component spinors is applied to the relativistic energy corrections at first, second, and third order of c−2 within the framework of relativistic direct perturbation theory (DPT). The dominant singular part of the total relativistic correction is already recovered by the lowest-order effective Hamiltonian in the spirit of degenerate perturbation theory, while the perturbative expansion needs to account for only the small remaining part. Numerical results for groups of excited potential curves of the one-electron H2+-like quasimolecule Sn299+ are presented and discussed. In general the most efficient approach is first-order EHA-DPT for the set of states, followed by single-state DPT of higher orders. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 4641-4648 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: If the energies of occupied and empty orbitals as functions of N geometric parameters vary in different manners, single determinantal approaches such as the density functional ones may violate the Aufbau principle and the noncrossing rule, i.e., states of the same symmetry may cross in an (N−1)-dimensional parameter subspace. If dominant configuration mixing is simulated by a mixed ensemble density with fractional occupation numbers of the orbitals at the Fermi level, the density functional approaches recover the avoided crossing, as first pointed out by Dunlap and Mei [J. Chem. Phys. 78, 4997 (1983)]. However, present density functional approaches do not recover the nonavoided crossing in (N−2)-dimensional subspaces. The density functional–fractional occupation number approach yields reasonable pathways for the transition from the cyclic to the open ground state of O3 and SO2 molecules. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 8546-8552 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct perturbation theory (DPT) for relativistic effects is generalized to the case of a set of near-degenerate strongly interacting states. This situation, where the standard approach breaks down, is quite common in atoms and especially in molecules. We introduce a new partitioning of the Dirac equation and apply the Møller–Bloch approach. An effective Schrödinger-like equation within a nonrelativistic model space of near-degenerate states is derived. The effective Hamiltonian and metric operators are expressed with the help of a Møller wave operator Ω, which generates the complete four-component Dirac wave function from the nonrelativistic Schrödinger wave function in the finite model space. The corresponding Bloch equation can be solved numerically in a basis set to infinite order by iteration. Also explicit formulas are derived for different orders of Heff and Seff. They can be used to determine the relativistic energies to different orders either directly by diagonalization, or by a perturbation approach. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 7252-7262 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In contrast to former ligand field predictions, the standard energetic order of the metal 3d orbitals, δ〈π〈σ, is not reproduced here. Throughout, the 3dσ molecular orbital (MO) level is found rather low lying because of σ-donating ligand induced 3d-4s hybridization in these linear dicoordinated compounds, while the 3dπ is rather high due to the pronounced π-donor character of the halogen ligands at the short distances of the digonal halides. This results in an unexpected electron distribution for the ground state and in an unusual order of electronic states. The calculations are in general consistent with recent experimental findings. The approach yields semiquantitatively correct geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies, and qualitatively correct trends for the dissociation energies. Those properties show a secondary periodicity, similar to the one known for octahedral high-spin complexes, though for different electronic reasons. Unknown structures, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energies are predicted. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 10085-10088 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By using kinetic-energy-resolved measurement of adsorbate fragmentation, we observe an electron-transfer reaction from the conduction band minimum of a semiconductor surface to a molecular adsorbate. Bond cleavage in the molecular system, CH3Br on GaAs(110), occurs through a mechanism analogous to gas-phase dissociative electron attachment.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 722-725 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation yield at the top of a condensed CH3Br layer on GaAs(110) is observed to oscillate as the layer thickness increases. The oscillation is successfully explained and fitted by optical interference theory. The method can reveal the dissociation mechanism and the molecular arrangement near a condensed layer surface.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2241-2249 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical properties and the dynamics of excitons and the electron-hole plasma have been studied in disordered (AlxGa1−x)0.52In0.48P near to the direct-to-indirect band gap crossover. In particular we have investigated three epitaxial layers grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy with varying Al content x. Two of them have compositions in the immediate vicinity of the crossover point, the other is assigned to the indirect-gap regime. Both direct and indirect recombination processes contribute to the photon emission from the material. Since the relative importance of the different recombination processes depends strongly on temperature, excitation intensity, and excitation pulse duration, the processes can be identified by changing these parameters. As a result, we can determine the relative alignment of the conduction band minima and the distribution of the electrons among them. At high excitation levels the two crossover samples show stimulated emission at a photon energy of ∼2.29 eV, i.e., in the green spectral range. Using the variable stripe length method, we find an optical gain of up to ∼600 cm−1 at excitation levels of ∼350 kW/cm2. Stimulated emission involves direct recombination. This conclusion is reached from the experiments and from line-shape modeling, including a self-consistent treatment of populations and renormalization of the conduction band minima. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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