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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Data were collected close to the Ni K edge, using synchrotron radiation at the National Synchrotron Light Source, and using a Mo Kα rotating anode, from a crystal of a nickel-containing aluminophosphate, NiAl3P4O18C4H21N4 (NiAPO). These data sets, along with an existing Cu Kα rotating anode data set, allowed the calculation of several f′ difference-Fourier maps exploiting the difference in f′ for Ni between the various wavelengths. These differences are expected to be 7.8, 4.5 and 3.3 e for Mo Kα data to SR (synchrotron radiation), Cu Kα to SR and Mo Kα to Cu Kα, respectively. The phases were calculated either excluding the Ni atom or with Al at the Ni-atom site. The f′ difference-Fourier maps revealed peaks at the Ni-atom site, whose height and distance from the refined Ni-atom position depended on the f' difference and the phase set used. The largest peak was located at a distance of only 0.025 Å from the refined Ni-atom site and was obtained from the f′ difference map calculated with the coefficients |FMo Kα − FSR| , using phases calculated with Al at the Ni-atom site. In all cases, it was found that these phases gave optimal results without introducing bias into the maps. The results confirm and expand upon earlier results [Helliwell, Gallois, Kariuki, Kaucic & Helliwell (1993), Acta Cryst. B49, 420–428]. The techniques described are generally applicable to other systems containing anomalous scatterers in chemical crystallography.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Image plates have advantages over photographic films, which include wider dynamic range, higher detector quantum efficiency, reduced exposure time and large size. In this study, an on-line image-plate system has been used to record crystallographic data from a small crystal. In particular, synchrotron Laue data were recorded with λmin = 0.455, λmax = 1.180 Å, in 20 images 10° apart and with an exposure time of 0.3 s each from a crystal (0.02 × 0.05 × 0.25 mm) of a nickel-containing aluminophosphate, NiAPO. The Laue data were analyzed with the Daresbury Laue software, including the application of an absorption correction. The structure was solved by a combination of the Patterson method and successive difference Fourier calculations using SHELXS86 and SHELXL93; the final R value for 1934 unique reflections (all data) and 310 parameters was 7.90%. The structure agrees with that determined by monochromatic diffractometry using the same crystal and reported by Helliwell, Gallois, Kariuki, Kaucic & Helliwell [Acta Cryst. (1993), B49, 420–428] with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.03 Å. Hence, this study shows the image-plate device to be very effective for synchrotron data collection and subsequent structure analysis from small crystals, i.e. 0.02 × 0.05 × 0.25 mm, in chemical crystallography as well as providing further confirmation of the practicability of Laue data in structure solution and refinement.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Data were collected from a crystal of CoZnPO-CZP {sodium cobalt–zinc phosphate hydrate, Na6[Co0.2Zn0.8PO4]6.6H2O} using synchrotron radiation at ELETTRA at the inflection point and `white line' for both the cobalt and zinc K edges, and at 1.45 Å, a wavelength remote from the K edges of both metals. The data were processed using the programs DENZO and SCALEPACK. The CCP4 program suite was used for the scaling of data sets and the subsequent calculation of dispersive difference Fourier maps. Optimal scaling was achieved by using a subset of reflections with little or no contribution from the metal atoms (i.e. which were essentially wavelength independent in their intensities) and using weights based on the σ's to obtain an overall scale factor in each case. Phases were calculated with SHELXL97 based on the refined structure using a much higher resolution and complete Cu Kα data set. An occupancy of 100% by zinc at the two metal-atom sites was assumed. The dispersive difference Fourier map calculated for zinc gave two peaks above the background of similar heights at the expected metal-atom sites. The peak height at the Zn1 site was a little higher than at the Zn2 site. The dispersive difference Fourier map calculated for cobalt gave just one peak above the background, at the Zn1 site, and only a small peak at the Zn2 site, thus indicating that incorporation of cobalt takes place mainly at one site. Refinement of the zinc occupancies using MLPHARE reinforces this conclusion. The chemical environment of each site is discussed.
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