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  • Articles  (61)
  • Springer  (55)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (6)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2000-2004  (30)
  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1905-1909  (16)
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  • Articles  (61)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Seed dispersal Seed shadow Hornbills Telemetry Tropical frugivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We studied two species of Ceratogymna hornbills, the black-casqued hornbill, C. atrata, and the white-thighed hornbill, C. cylindricus, in the tropical forests of Cameroon, to understand their movement patterns and evaluate their effectiveness as seed dispersers. To estimate hornbill contribution to a particular tree species' seed shadow we combined data from movements, determined by radio-tracking, with data from seed passage trials. For 13 individuals tracked over 12 months, home range varied between 925 and 4,472 ha, a much larger area than reported for other African avian frugivores. Seed passage times ranged from 51 to 765 min, with C. atrata showing longer passage times than C. cylindricus, and larger seeds having longer gut retention times than smaller seeds. Combining these data, we estimated that seed shadows were extensive for the eight tree species examined, with approximately 80% of seeds moved more than 500 m from the parent plant. Maximum estimated dispersal distances for larger seeds were 6,919 and 3,558 m for C. atrata and C. cylindricus, respectively. The extent of hornbill seed shadows suggests that their influence in determining forest structure will likely increase as other larger mammalian dispersers are exterminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Physical Tourist¶Scientific Travels in the Irish Countryside (2000)
    Springer
    Physics in perspective 2 (2000), S. 313-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1422-6960
    Keywords: Key words. History of science; Ireland; Rosse Telescope; St. Patrick's College; Birr Demense; Irish National Museum (Galway); Giant's Causeway.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Newly-prosperous Ireland has a number of sites which the scientific traveller can visit. There are apparatus museums at Birr and Maynooth, and a collection of early apparatus at the physics department of the Irish National University in Galway. The main attraction at Birr is the Rosse Telescope, with its 6-ft diameter speculum, built in the 1840s, and recently refurbished. Travellers to Northern Ireland can see applied geology at the Giant's Causeway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000160050048
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New ways of determining structural groups in brown coals and their bioconversion products by FT IR spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract New methods of determining the structural groups —COOH and —CH2— have been developed. The investigation of carboxyl groups is possible both after derivatization with p-fluorophenacylbromide and by quantitative interpretation of the Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectra. There exists a linear relationship between the results of these two methods that is generally valid for the analysis of all brown coal components. The maximum extinction coefficient of the symmetric stretching vibration band of the CH2 groups has been determined using model substances. This allows quantification of this structural group directly from the FT IR spectrum. The results agree with the contents of methylene groups as determined by 13C-cross polarization–magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy. Using these methods, the COOH and CH2 groups contained in brown coals of the North Rhine region and in their bioconversion products have been quantified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000419
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in flood-plain vegetation and land use along the Missouri River from 1826 to 1972 (1977)
    Springer
    Environmental management 1 (1977), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Flood-plain vegetation ; Land use ; Channelization ; Bank-stabilization ; Flood-plain forest succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Changes in vegetation and land use since 1826 were evaluated along the 800 kilometer portion of the Missouri River flood-plain that extends across the State of Missouri using County Land Office Survey records for 1826 and aerial photos for 1937, 1958, and 1972. The combined results show a decline in flood-plain forest coverage from 76% in 1826 to 13% in 1972; cultivated land increased from 18% to 83% during the same time. Uncultivated-unforested areas increased from 6% in 1826 to 27% in 1937, then declined to 1% in 1972; these changes occurred coincident with extensive bank-stabilization and channelization activities initiated in 1912 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Riverbank stabilization activity since that time may account for the increased rate of decline in flood-plain forests from 0.25% per year between 1826 and 1937 to 1.6% per year between 1937 and 1972. The overall species composition of the 1826 flood-plain forests was found to be most similar to mature forest stands evaluated in 1972; similar frequencies in 1826 and 1972 occurred for hackberry (Celtis occidentalis; 80% in 1826, 83% in 1972), elm (Ulmus spp.; 80% and 83%), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis; 57% and 50%). Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), found only in mature flood-plain forests in 1972, was recorded along 54% of the 1826 section lines. These combined data indicate (1) that pre-settlement flood-plain forests were extensive and included frequent, mature stands, (2) that in certain areas substantial portions of the flood-plain were in cultivation prior to extensive riverbank stabilization and channelization, and (3) that increased flood-plain forest clearing occurred coincident with increased bank-stabilization activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01865861
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Soft Computing Approach to Road Classification (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 29 (2000), S. 349-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Current learning approaches to computer vision have mainly focussed on low-level image processing and object recognition, while tending to ignore high-level processing such as understanding. Here we propose an approach to object recognition that facilitates the transition from recognition to understanding. The proposed approach embraces the synergistic spirit of soft computing, exploiting the global search powers of genetic programming to determine fuzzy probabilistic models. It begins by segmenting the images into regions using standard image processing approaches, which are subsequently classified using a discovered fuzzy Cartesian granule feature classifier. Understanding is made possible through the transparent and succinct nature of the discovered models. The recognition of roads in images is taken as an illustrative problem in the vision domain. The discovered fuzzy models while providing high levels of accuracy (97%), also provide understanding of the problem domain through the transparency of the learnt models. The learning step in the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as decision trees, naïve Bayes and neural networks using a variety of performance criteria such as accuracy, understandability and efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008158907779
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementation of genetic disease: A velocity sedimentation procedure for the enrichment of heterokaryons (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 1013-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methodology is described to enrich for heterokaryons after mammalian cell fusion. A heterogeneous cell mixture can be separated on a Sta-Put apparatus into fractions of uniform size cells by sedimentation through a 1% bovine serum albumin-5% Ficoll gradient. Unfused RAG and LM/TK− cells, differing by 10% in diameter, have been sorted by size; following fusion, larger and faster sedimenting cells were shown to be hybrids. This methodology can be utilized in genetic complementation studies of human genetic diseases where selection procedures for proliferating hybrids do not exist. When fibroblasts from individuals with Tay-Sachs disease [deficient in hexosaminidase A (HEX A−)] and Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease (HEX A− and HEX B−) are fused, HEX A is generated, demonstrating complementation of two different mutations. After Sta-Put fractionation, the HEX A complementation product was associated with the faster sedimenting multinuclear cells and not with the mononuclear parental cells. This methodology will facilitate detection of genetic differences in fibroblasts from related inherited disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542657
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyethylene glycol-induced mammalian cell hybridization: Effect of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and concentration (1976)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 2 (1976), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight and concentration on mammalian cell hybridization were studied. The peak hybridization-inducing activity with all grades of PEG from 400–6000 was found to occur in the concentration range of 50–55%. However, changes in concentration were seen to have different quantitative effects with different grades of PEG. For monolayer fusions, PEG 1000 at 50% seems to be the optimal combination of PEG molecular weight and concentration, in terms of both efficiency of hybridization and relative insensitivity to dilution effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538965
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioautographic visualization of aminoacylase-1: Assignment of the structural geneACY-1 to chromosome 3 in man (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A bioautographic assay was developed for the visualization of aminoacylase-1 (N -acylamino acid aminohydrolase, ACY-1; EC 3.5.1.14) after zone electrophoresis. Bioautography and species differences in electrophoretic mobility of ACY-1 made it possible to investigate the chromosome assignment of the gene for human ACY-1 using human—mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human ACY-1 segregated concordantly with β-galactosidase-A (βGAL A;EC 3.2.1.23) but showed discordant segregation with 32 other markers representing 23 linkage groups. The β GALA gene has been previously assigned to chromosome 3. From this evidence and confirming chromosome analyses, ACY-1has been assigned to chromosome 3. A genetic polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of ACY was observed in mouse strains, demonstrating that this enzyme can be mapped in genetic crosses of Mus musculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538782
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of the cell surface: Assignment of genes coding for external membrane proteins to human chromosomes 10 and 14 (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 281-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using somatic cell hybridization gene mapping methodology, genes coding for human cell-surface proteins have been assigned to specific chromosomes. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination was employed to label external membrane proteins in cell hybrids between mouse and human cultured cells. Mouse and human external membrane proteins were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, external membrane proteins were identified by autoradiography. An external membrane protein of 130,000 molecular weight (EMP-130) segregated concordantly with glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (GOTs, EC 2.6.1.1), an enzyme marker encoded on chromosome 10. External membrane proteins of 195,000 and 175,000 molecular weight (EMP-195 and EMP-175) segregated concordantly with nucleoside phosphorylase (NP, EC 2.4.2.1), an enzyme marker encoded on chromosome 14. Limited proteolysis of the 195,000 and 175,000 molecular weight proteins suggests that these two proteins are modified forms of each other and are encoded by the same locus. These findings demonstrate the mapping of human genes coding for external proteins EMP-130 and EMP-195 to chromosomes 10 and 14, respectively. Chromosome analyses of cell hybrids supported these assignments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538843
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GM1-gangliosidosis: Chromosome 3 assignment of theβ-galactosidase-A gene (β GAL A ) (1979)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The structural gene (βGALA) coding for lysosomal β-galactosidase- A (EC 3.2.1.23) has been assigned to human chromosome 3 using man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human β-galactosidase-A was identified in cell hybrids with a species-specific antiserum to human liver β-galactosidase-A. The antiserum precipitates β-galactosidase-A from human tissues, cultured cells, and cell hybrids, and recognizes cross-reacting material from a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis. We have analyzed 90 primary man-mouse hybrids derived from 12 separate fusion experiments utilizing cells from 9 individuals. Enzyme segregation analysis excluded all chromosomes for βGALA assignment except chromosome 3. Concordant segregation of chromosomes and enzymes in 16 cell hybrids demonstrated assignment of βGALA to chromosome 3; all other chromosomes were excluded. The evidence suggests that GM1 gangliosidosis is a consequence of mutation at this βGALA locus on chromosome 3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539157
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