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  • 1
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    Atomistic modeling determination of placeholder binding energy of Ti, C, and N atoms on a-Fe (100) surfaces (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-11
    Description: A Fe(100) surface containing Ti, C, and N was constructed and optimized to study the placeholder binding energy of the Ti, C, and N surface atoms; this was achieved by searching the transition state with the LST (linear synchronous transit) method of the CASTEP (Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package) module. Also, the authors analyzed electron structures to determine how Ti, C, and N atoms strengthen the Fe(100) surface. The results show that when Ti, C, or N atoms take placeholder alone, or simultaneously at the Fe(100) surface, the structure stability is at its best. When including Ti, C, and N as solid solutions on the Fe(100) surface, orbital electrons of Fe3d, Ti3d, C2p, and N2p hybridize near the Fermi level; the number of electronic bonding peaks increase and bonding capacity enhances. Also, a large amount of covalent bonds formed. Covalent bonds and metallic bond coexisted.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    The mitigation effect of configuration and context optimization of urban holdings on heat island (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has become a serious problem in recent years. It is necessary to study the mitigation methods and quantify their effects on UHI. In this paper, based on the remote sensed data, an empirical model was established as a negative function of land surface temperature (LST) to vegetation coverage. Urban heat island intensity (UHII) was estimated by a robust statistic algorithm. Compared with the current condition (vegetation coverage equaling to 0%), five high vegetation coverage building scenarios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were designed to explore mitigation effects on UHI separately. The results showed that the mean LST increase by about 0.5°C when vegetation coverage decrease by 0.1. UHII has a considerable decrease when the scenarios of vegetation coverage equaling to 20% and 40%, respectively. The reasonable vegetation configuration is the effective UHI mitigation.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
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    Scale effect and undersea noise of counter-rotating propellers installed in tidal stream power unit (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: More attentions are paid to the renewable energies in face of global warming and depletion of fossil fuel. Tidal energy as one of the renewable energies has fruitful advantages as predictable and sustainable resources. The authors have proposed a counter-rotating type tidal stream power unit and investigated preliminarily the effect of the Reynolds number on the output, namely scale effect, and undersea noise of the counter-rotating propellers. The hydraulic loss increases at the low Reynolds number with accompanying the boundary layer separation. The noise has the dominant frequencies corresponding to the blade passing frequencies in counter-rotating propellers.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Copper-containing wastewater treatment and copper recovery by using a continuous flow microbial fuel cell (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: A microbial fuel cell is a device of directly converting chemical energy into electricity with the microbial metabolism. Graphite rods were used as electrodes, organic wastewater was used as substrate, anaerobic activated sludge was used as anaerobic bacteria and copper-containing wastewater was used as catholyte. A continuous flow dual chamber microbial fuel cell was constructed. The feasibility of electricity producing via degradation of wastewater by anaerobic bacteria in anode chamber and copper recovery from copper-containing wastewater were studied. The results showed that a continuous flow microbial fuel cell could produce electricity and could be used to treat copper-containing wastewater, the maximum current density was 4.4 mA m −2 , the removal rate of Cu 2+ was 99%, and the sediment on the cathode was a mixture of Cu and Cu 2 O.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    Research on capacity configuration and operation scheduling optimization of multi-energy complementary microgrid (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: Based on the introduction of the structure of the multi-energy complementary microgrid system, aiming at the multi-objective optimization problems of the operational economy and the contact line power volatility, the corresponding objective functions and constraints are given, and the model for capacity configuration and operation scheduling optimization of the multi-energy complementary microgrid system is established. The improved particle swarm optimization method is used to solve the problem. The calculation results of the example verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization model and its optimization algorithm.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Long term spatio-temporal analyses of snow cover in Central Asia using ERA-Interim and MODIS products (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-08
    Description: In this study, an approach for generating a long term series of snow-cover products from 1979 to 2015 was proposed by integrating the data of ERA-Interim snow-depth and 8-day cloud-free MODIS snow-cover derived by removing cloud from MOD10A2/MYD10A2 product. On the basis of the spatio-temporal analyses and evaluation of snow-cover duration (SCD) during the hydrological year from 1979/1980 to 2014/2015 over Central Asia, the average start and melt date of snow-cover (SCS and SCM, respectively) were estimated using the long term snow-cover product. The results suggested that the snow-cover product derived by this approach is fairly satisfactory with the mean bias error (MBE) of -.55%±5.03%. The SCD, SCS and SCM all presented an apparent north-south towards gradient as long as mountainous regions and waterbodies were avoided. The mean SCD over the high-latitude and high-mountainous regions were all beyond 122 days, however, it gradually became shorter with a significant level of a ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Performance characteristics of rubber seed oil biodiesel (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-03
    Description: The lubricity, ignition quality, oxidative stability, low temperature flow property and elastomeric compatibility of rubber seed oil biodiesel(RSM) were evaluated and compared with conventional petro-diesel. The results indicated that RSM and its blends with petro-diesel possessed outstanding lubricity manifested by sharp decrease in wear scar diameters in the high-frequency reciprocating rig(HFRR) testing. They also provided acceptable flammability and cold flow property,although the cetane numbers (CN) and cold filter plugging points(CFPP) of biodiesel blends slightly decreased with increasing contents of petro-diesel. However, RSM proved to be very susceptible to oxidation at elevated temperatures during prolonged oxidation durations, characterized by increased peroxide values, viscosity, acid values and isooctane insolubles. The oxidation stability of RSM could be significantly improved by antioxidants such as BD100, a phenol antioxidant produced by Ciba corporation. Further...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    The environmental impact of wind turbine blades (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: The first generation of wind turbine (WT) blades are now reaching their end of life, signalling the beginning of a large problem for the future. Currently most waste is sent to landfill, which is not an environmentally desirable solution. Awareness of this issue is rising, but no studies have fully assessed the eco impact of WT blades. The present study aims to provide a macroscopic quantitative assessment of the lifetime environmental impact of WT blades. The first stage has been to analyse global data to calculate the amount of WT blade materials consumed in the past. The life cycle environmental impact of a single WT blade has then been estimated using eco data for raw materials, manufacturing processes, transportation, and operation and maintenance processes. For a typical 45.2 meter 1.5 MW blade this is 795 GJ (CO 2 footprint 42.1 tonnes), dominated by manufacturing processes and raw materials (96% of the total. Based on the 2014 installed capacity, the total mass...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    The micromechanics model analysis of the viscosity regulation of ultra-high strength concrete with low viscosity (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-18
    Description: The plastic viscosity of mortar and concrete with different binder content, sand ratio, water-binder ratio, microbead dosage and different class and dosage of fly ash were tested and calculated according tomicromechanics model proposed by A. Ghanbari and B.L. Karihaloo, The correlations between these parameters and fresh concrete workability were also investigated, which showed i. high consistence with the objective reality. When binder content, microbead dosage, fly ash dosage or the water-binder ratio was increased or sand ratio was reduced, the fresh concrete viscosity would decrease correspondingly. However their effects were not that same. The relationships between T50 a, V-funnel and inverted slump time with fresh concrete viscosity were established, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Experimental study on the influence of wire diameter on the internal flow behaviour of woven metal screens (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-24
    Description: Sintered woven wire mesh structures are a classic porous medium. In this paper, we examined the internal flow behaviours of sintered metal wire mesh structures with 0.215mm diameter wires with different porosities. Following previous research results, the influence of woven mesh wire diameter on material penetrating quality was studied. The air that was applied by the gas source was used to investigate structure performance. The Reynolds numbers of the inlet changed from 8.2 to 66.1. The pressures and flow rate at the inlet and outlet were obtained to calculate the permeability and inertia coefficient of each specimen, as well as the friction factors. The experiment results showed that permeability increased and the inertia coefficient decreased as wire diameter increased. Moreover, structures with large wire diameters ( d s = 0.215 mm ) showed better penetrating quality at the same porosity levels. Increases in pressure drop kept pace with ...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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