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  • 1
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    The influence of substrate temperature on the tribo- mechanical properties of chromium nitride thin films (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Different nitrides such as titanium nitride, chromium nitride and so on are used in a widespread range of applications such as cutting tools, medical implants, and microelectromechanical devices and all that due to their mechanical, physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study is to obtain chromium nitride thin films and to characterize them by atomic force microscopy investigations. The chromium nitride thin films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates. During the deposition process, the discharge current, the argon and nitrogen flows, the pressure inside the chamber and the deposition time were kept constant. A chromium target with a purity of 99.95 % was used. Some of the films were deposited after a chromium buffer layer was previously deposited on the silicon substrate. The deposition was carried out when substrate temperature was at room temperature, at 300 and 500 ° C respectively. Once the films were deposited, atomic force ...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Environmental impact comparison of binder systems for sand moulding process using cradle-to-grave approach (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-14
    Description: Growing demand for preservation of environment, conservation of resources and development of a sustainable society is driving manufacturers to make “greener” products and use “greener” processes. Foundry is considered one of the most environment polluting industries all over the world. The work presented in this paper compares environmental impacts of sand moulding process for four different binder systems, namely phenolic urethane no-bake, phenolic ester no-bake, phenolic formaldehyde and furan no-bake using a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The comparison is made using various impact categories, such as global warming, acidification, ecological toxicity, eutrophication, human toxicity and photochemical smog by ISO-FRED-14040 LCA method. Results of the study show that the phenolic urethane is most and the furan no bake binder is least harmful to environment and human health in most of the categories. Emissions from the phenolic ester no-bake binder system ...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Process parameter optimization for tensile strength of 3D printed parts using response surface methodology (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-14
    Description: Quality of 3D printed part is highly dependent on process parameters of 3D printer. In this study, authors investigated the effects of layer thickness and build orientation on tensile strength of part produced by a 3D printer. The experiments were conducted on ZCorp’s ZPrinter 450 by fabricating ZP150 powder’s dumbbell shaped test specimens. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) of design of experiment was used to obtain the number of experiments and results were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis methods. Optimization of the process parameters was done by one-way ANNOVA in Minitab software. The results show that tensile strength decreases with increasing layer thickness. For orientation of the part in XY Plane, tensile strength increases with increasing rotation. For XZ and YZ plane tensile strength first decreases till 45° and then increases rapidly up to 90°.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    A Comparative Analysis of Taguchi Methodology and Shainin System DoE in the Optimization of Injection Molding Process Parameters (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-09
    Description: Two well-known Design of Experiments (DoE) methodologies, such as Taguchi Methods (TM) and Shainin Systems (SS) are compared and analyzed in this study through their implementation in a plastic injection molding unit. Experiments were performed at a perfume bottle cap manufacturing company (made by acrylic material) using TM and SS to find out the root cause of defects and to optimize the process parameters for minimum rejection. Experiments obtained the rejection rate to be 8.57% from 40% (appx.) during trial runs, which is quiet low, representing successful implementation of these DoE methods. The comparison showed that both methodologies gave same set of variables as critical for defect reduction, but with change in their significance order. Also, Taguchi methods require more number of experiments and consume more time compared to the Shainin System. Shainin system is less complicated and is easy to implement, whereas Taguchi methods is statistically more reliable for optimiza...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Merging into platoons (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-28
    Description: Series of vehicles interacting with each other while driving in a straight line or while maneuvering is termed as a platoon of vehicles and known as platooning. This paper describes platooning and merging into platoons in general. The first part of this paper focuses on developing control strategies for automated driving. In this part a controller for longitudinal driving is designed and analysed. The second part of the paper focuses on the analysis of merging into a platoon on highways. This is done by validating experimental results by integrating a driver model with a single track bicycle model resulting in the calculation of merging path.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Entanglement, non-Markovianity, and causal non-separability (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-30
    Description: Quantum mechanics, in principle, allows for processes with indefinite causal order. However, most of these causal anomalies have not yet been detected experimentally. We show that every such process can be simulated experimentally by means of non-Markovian dynamics with a measurement on additional degrees of freedom. In detail, we provide an explicit construction to implement arbitrary a causal processes. Furthermore, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for open system dynamics with measurement to yield processes that respect causality locally, and find that tripartite entanglement and nonlocal unitary transformations are crucial requirements for the simulation of causally indefinite processes. These results show a direct connection between three counter-intuitive concepts: entanglement, non-Markovianity, and causal non-separability.
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Energy-efficient quantum frequency estimation (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The problem of estimating the frequency of a two-level atom in a noisy environment is studied. Our interest is to minimise both the energetic cost of the protocol and the statistical uncertainty of the estimate. In particular, we prepare a probe in a ‘GHZ-diagonal’ state by means of a sequence of qubit gates applied on an ensemble of n atoms in thermal equilibrium. Noise is introduced via a phenomenological time-non-local quantum master equation, which gives rise to a phase-covariant dissipative dynamics. After an interval of free evolution, the n -atom probe is globally measured at an interrogation time chosen to minimise the error bars of the final estimate. We model explicitly a measurement scheme which becomes optimal in a suitable parameter range, and are thus able to calculate the total energetic expenditure of the protocol. Interestingly, we observe that scaling up our multipartite entangled probes offers no precision enhancement when the total ...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Noisy frequency estimation with noisy probes (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-08
    Description: We consider frequency estimation in a noisy environment with noisy probes. This builds on previous studies, most of which assume that the initial probe state is pure, while the encoding process is noisy, or that the initial probe state is mixed, while the encoding process is noiseless. Our work is more representative of reality, where noise is unavoidable in both the initial state of the probe and the estimation process itself. We prepare the probe in a GHZ diagonal state, starting from n  + 1 qubits in an arbitrary uncorrelated mixed state, and subject it to parameter encoding under dephasing noise. For this scheme, we derive a simple formula for the (quantum and classical) Fisher information, and show that quantum enhancements do not depend on the initial mixedness of the qubits. That is, we show that the so-called ‘Zeno’ scaling is attainable when the noise present in the encoding process is time inhomogeneous. This scaling does not depend on the mixedness of the initia...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
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    Quantum plug n’ play: modular computation in the quantum regime (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-06
    Description: Classical computation is modular. It exploits plug n’ play architectures which allow us to use pre-fabricated circuits without knowing their construction. This bestows advantages such as allowing parts of the computational process to be outsourced, and permitting individual circuit components to be exchanged and upgraded. Here, we introduce a formal framework to describe modularity in the quantum regime. We demonstrate a ‘no-go’ theorem, stipulating that it is not always possible to make use of quantum circuits without knowing their construction. This has significant consequences for quantum algorithms, forcing the circuit implementation of certain quantum algorithms to be rebuilt almost entirely from scratch after incremental changes in the problem—such as changing the number being factored in Shor’s algorithm. We develop a workaround capable of restoring modularity, and apply it to design a modular version of Shor’s algorithm that exhibits increased versatility and reduced com...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
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