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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-08-11
    Description: We consider Anderson transitions in two-dimensional (2D) spinful electron gases subject to random scalar potentials with time-reversal-symmetric spin-mixing tunneling (SMT) and spin-preserving tunneling (SPT) at potential saddle points (PSPs). A symplectic quantum network model (QNM), named as SMT-QNM, is constructed in which SMT and SPT have the same status and contribute independent tunneling channels rather than sharing a total-probability-fixed one. 2D continuous Dirac Hamiltonian is then extracted out from this discrete network model as the generator of certain unitary transformation. With the help of high-accuracy numerics based on transfer matrix technique, finite-size analysis on two-terminal conductance and normalized localization length provides a phase diagram drawn in the SMT–SPT plane. As a manifestation of symplectic ensembles, a normal-metal (NM) phase emerges between the quantum spin Hall (QSH) and normal-insulator (NI) phases when SMT appears. We systematically ...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-19
    Description: Liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment is an effective and environmentally friendly method to produce bioethanol with lignocellulosic materials. Corn stover was pretreated with liquid hot water (LHW) and then subjected to semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF) to obtain high ethanol concentration and yield. The present study aimed to confirm the effect of several additives on the fermentation digestibility of unwashed WIS of corn stover pretreated with LHW. So we also investigated the process, such as enzyme addition, inorganic salts, surfactant and different loading Triton. Results show that high ethanol concentration is necessary to add xylanase in the stage of saccharification. The ethanol concentration increased mainly with magnesium ion on fermentation. Comparing with Tween 80, Span 80 and Polyethylene glycol, Triton is the best surfactant. In contrast to using xylanase and Triton respectively, optimization can make up the lack of stamina and improve effec...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-19
    Description: Corn stover is a potential source of renewable biomass for conversion to bioethanol. Fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharifcation and fermentation (S-SSF) of corn stover pretreated by liquid hot water (LHW) was investigated. The present study aimed to confirm the influence of xylanase, urea, Tween and Triton additives on bioethanol. Results show that the positive effect of xylanase, urea, Tween was observed. High ethanol concentration requires the addition of xylanase in the stage of saccharification. The optimal amount of xylanase was 0.2 g/g biomass and addition of Triton (Triton X-100) increases the effect of xylanase. Urea has a promotion effect on the whole fermentation process.When adding 0.1% urea in the fermentation stage,the best promoting rate is 24.2%. In the longitudinal comparison of the Tween series, under the same experimental conditions, the promoting effect of Tween series: Tween 40 〉 Tween 80 〉 Tween 20 〉 Tween 60.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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