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  • 1
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    Household-level disparities in cancer risks from vehicular air pollution in Miami (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-11
    Description: Environmental justice (EJ) research has relied on ecological analyses of socio-demographic data from areal units to determine if particular populations are disproportionately burdened by toxic risks. This article advances quantitative EJ research by (a) examining whether statistical associations found for geographic units translate to relationships at the household level; (b) testing alternative explanations for distributional injustices never before investigated; and (c) applying a novel statistical technique appropriate for geographically-clustered data. Our study makes these advances by using generalized estimating equations to examine distributive environmental inequities in the Miami (Florida) metropolitan area, based on primary household-level survey data and census block-level cancer risk estimates of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) exposure from on-road mobile emission sources. In addition to modeling determinants of on-road HAP cancer risk among all survey participants, tw...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Decreasing intensity of monsoon low-frequency intraseasonal variability over India (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-24
    Description: Understanding the changing nature of the intraseasonal oscillatory (ISO) modes of Indian summer monsoon manifested by active and break phase, and their association with extreme rainfall events are necessary for probabilistic estimation of flood-related risks in a warming climate. Here, using ground-based observed rainfall, we define an index to measure the strength of monsoon ISOs and show that the relative strength of the northward-propagating low-frequency ISO (20?60 days) modes have had a significant decreasing trend during the past six decades, possibly attributed to the weakening of large-scale circulation in the region during monsoon season. This reduction is compensated by a gain in synoptic-scale (3?9 days) variability. The decrease in low-frequency ISO variability is associated with a significant decreasing trend in the percentage of extreme events during the active phase of the monsoon. However, this decrease is balanced by significant increasing trends in the percentag...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 3
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    Production of semi-solid feedstock of A356 alloy and A356-5TiB 2 in-situ composite by cooling slope casting (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: Cooling Slope casting process has gained significant importance for manufacturing of semi-solid feedstock Al alloys and composites which find applications in automotive and aerospace industries. The primary objective of this research is to generate the semi-solid feedstock suitable for thixoforming process. The current work discusses the phenomena involved in the evolution of microstructure of the semi-solid feed stock by Cooling Slope casting process and the effect of various parameters. The process parameters like the angle and length of inclined plate affect the size and morphology of α-Al phase. The Cooling slope process resulted in the formation of fine grain size of about 38 μm of α-Al phase, compared to that of 98 μm processed conventionally. Further, the pouring temperature played a crucial role in the generation of semi-solid microstructures in case of both the alloy and composites. Moreover, fine TiB 2 particles of size 0.2-0.5 μm are uniformly distributed in...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Assessing the environmental justice consequences of flood risk: a case study in Miami, Florida (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: Recent environmental justice (EJ) research has emphasized the need to analyze social inequities in the distribution of natural hazards such as hurricanes and floods, and examine intra-ethnic diversity in patterns of EJ. This study contributes to the emerging EJ scholarship on exposure to flooding and ethnic heterogeneity by analyzing the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population residing within coastal and inland flood risk zones in the Miami Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), Florida—one of the most ethnically diverse MSAs in the U.S. and one of the most hurricane-prone areas in the world. We examine coastal and inland flood zones separately because of differences in amenities such as water views and beach access. Instead of treating the Hispanic population as a homogenous group, we disaggregate the Hispanic category into relevant country-of-origin subgroups. Inequities in flood risk exposure are statistically analyzed using socio-demographic variables ...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 5
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    River Aquifer Interaction in Lower Gandak Command Area in Bihar, India (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-05-23
    Description: In this paper, the quantification of the interaction of aquifer and river during various stages of river Gandak has been carried out. A groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, has been used to quantify the interaction of river Gandak and the adjacent aquifer in all months of the year. The model has been calibrated with the observed water level data of the existing wells. Calibrated model was used to simulate the groundwater flow in the study area and the flows from river Gandak to adjacent aquifer and vice-versa. Results show that the river Gandak is recharging adjacent aquifer during the months May to October and again during January to February. In the months March, April, November and December aquifer is contributing water to Gandak River. It was found that the quantity of inflow/outflow from river Gandak is proportional to the difference of water level in river and aquifer. Further, a relationship for the interaction of Gandak River and adjacent aquifer has also been developed to f...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Development of a performance measurement tool for an agricultural enterprise using BSC and QFD models (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-14
    Description: The business eco system of contemporary market is witnessing quick and hastening transformation, resulting in growing ambiguity and complication. Therefore, the need of a comprehensive performance measurement technique that can provide management oriented information and act as a supporting tool in developing and analyzing organizational strategies with a view to achieve competitive advantage is ardently felt. So, this paper proposes the application of balanced scorecard (BSC) model in an Indian seed manufacturing organisation to place the organizations expediently against the competitors by aligning its corporate vision and strategy with organisational performance through the interconnectedness of different layers of perspectives. Next, a framework to integrate both BSC and quality function deployment (QFD) models is provided for the first time in a seed manufacturing industry in order to evaluate its performance over the two time period periods. The integrated BSC-QFD techniqu...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Parametric Optimization of Micro-EDM Process during Micro-hole Machining on Ti-6Al-4V using WASPAS Method (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-15
    Description: Micromachining of Ti-6Al-4V is extremely difficult using conventional machining processes, especially during machining of micro-cavities and micro- through holes as it exhibits poor machinability. Amongst various non-conventional machining processes, micro-electro discharge machining (micro-EDM) has been recognized to be most suitable machining method for micromachining of Ti-6Al-4V. However, micro-EDM is an extremely complicated micromachining process, influenced by several process parameters. In present research investigation, an attempt has been made to select the optimal combination of micro-EDM process parameters such as pulse on time (T on ), peak current (I p ), flushing pressure (F p ) and type of dielectric, which greatly influence the micro-EDM process during machining of Ti- 6Al-4V using WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment) method. In a series of planned experimental runs, micro-through hole machining has been carried out duri...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Biochar Production from Domestic Sludge: A Cost-effective, Recycled Product for Removal of Amoxicillin in Wastewater (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-09
    Description: Due to the broad spectrum, antimicrobial activity, Amoxicillin is one of the extensively used antibiotics. Amoxicillin ends up in the wastewater stream by direct or indirect disposal pathways which ultimately affect the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional wastewater treatment plant cannot remove it completely. Hence our objective was to produce sludge derived biochar and use it as an adsorbent for removal of amoxicillin. Effective biochar was obtained at 300°C produced from the sludge of the domestic wastewater treatment plant. 100 ppm amoxicillin solution spiked in biochar was kept for 180 mins in an orbital shaker and every 30 minutes the filtrate was checked in UV spectrophotometer. A steady decreasing gradient was obtained for absorbance of amoxicillin after 30 minutes. Further scanning electron microscopy showed significant morphological change in biochar obtained before and after spiking amoxicillin. Our preliminary assessment suggests that biochar can be exploited as an effect...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Study on Photocatalytic Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compound (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-22
    Description: Propylparaben (PP) is catagorized as endocrine disrupting compounds and is found to be present in urban wastewater comparatively at high concentrations. In the present work, propylparaben was degraded photo-catalytically by optimizing different process parameters such as initial concentration of propylparaben (25mgL -1 to 100 mgL -1 ), pH of the feed phase and concentration of photocatalyst TiO 2 (50 mgL -1 to 200 mgL -1 ). Finally PP degraded and converted to CO 2 and H 2 O and the degradation was found to follow the first order kinetics.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria for the Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-22
    Description: In the present study, a biosurfactant producing bacterial strain was isolated, screened and identified. Further, various fermentation conditions (such as pH (5-10), incubation period (24-96h) and incubation temperature (20-60 °C) were optimized for maximum production of biosurfactant. The produced biosurfactant was characterized by measuring emulsification index, foaming characteristics, rhamnolipid detection, interfacial tension between water and oil and stability against pH and temperature for its potential application in oil recovery process. The additional oil recovery for two different sand, sand1 and sand2, was found to be 49% and 38%, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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