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  • 1
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    Ammonia, acetone and ethanol gas sensing characteristics of CuO thin films grown by sputtering (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-24
    Description: Here, we have reported the sensing characteristics of CuO thin films towards volatile gases like ammonia, acetone and ethanol. The CuO films were deposited on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering at 350 °C and 400 °C. The characteristics of CuO thin films grown at both temperatures were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-Vis spectrometer, atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The thin films showed mesoporous morphology with average crystallite size of 78 nm and 36 nm for films grown at 350 °C and 400 °C, respectively. As the film grown at 400 °C showed better properties, it has been preferred for the gas sensing analysis. Gas sensing properties of the film towards different concentration (50-250 ppm) of ammonia, acetone and ethanol were studied in chemi-resistive mode. As expected, an increase in resistance with concentration of gases was observed due to the p-type nature of CuO thin...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Wavelength Dependent Ammonia Sensing Characteristics of SnO 2 based Fiber Optic Sensor (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-24
    Description: SnO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The synthesized SnO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible diffused reflectance spectrometer (DRS). The XRD results addressed that the SnO 2 nanoparticles was crystallized in rutile tetragonal structure. The SEM analysis confirms that the prepared nanopowder is composed of nanoparticles. Analysis of the DRS UV-Vis spectrum showed that the band gap of the synthesized SnO 2 is to be ∼3.4 eV. The small cladding portion of the optical fiber was replaced with the synthesized nanoparticles. The ammonia sensing characteristics of the prepared SnO 2 nanoparticles were analyzed for different wavelength ranges (red, yellow and blue) using polymethyl methacrylate fiber. It has been found that the synthesized SnO 2 nanoparticles shows high sensitivity (∼23) in yellow wavelength range compared...
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  • 3
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    Cure Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Organically Modified Lanthanum Oxide-Natural Rubber Composites (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-24
    Description: The present work emphasizes on the cure features and rheological behaviour of organically modified gadolinium oxide-Natural rubber vulcanizates. The main aim of incorporating gadolinium oxide is to impart X-ray shielding property to rubber composites. Earlier lead based materials were used for this purpose, but due to high toxicity of lead, lanthanum based materials can be an excellent alternative. Gadolinium oxide was organically modified with methacrylic acid and is used as filler in rubber vulcanizates at different loadings from 0-40 parts per hundred rubbers. Modification was done to increase the adhesion between an inorganic gadolinium oxide and natural rubber matrix. Characterization of modified gadolinium oxide using X-ray diffraction shows that the particle size got reduced to nano regime which highly influences the vulcanizates properties. The increase in torque minimum and torque maximum with filler loading is in covenant with mechanical property studies. The swellingi...
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  • 4
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    Dependence of Transmission and Absorption on the post deposited annealing of Zinc oxide films (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-14
    Description: Zinc oxide films were prepared using spray pyrolysis technique at different temperatures. Attempt was made to find the effect of native defects on the optical properties such as transmission and absorption of the films. To change the concentration and type of defects, the samples were annealed in vacuum and in air separately at 500°C for 1 hour. The thickness of the films were determined from the transmission data using ‘envelop’ method. The obtained results were used to calculate refractive indices of the films for different wavelengths. The results suggested that the vacuum annealed samples showed much change in refractive index inferring the presence oxygen vacancy. From the recorded absorption spectrum, the variation in the band gap energy were noted by plotting the (αhν) 2 versus photon energy. The as deposited samples and that post annealed in air showed band gap energies consistent with the theoretical suggestion. The samples annealed in vacuum showed decrease i...
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  • 5
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    Design and Analysis of Boiler Pressure Vessels based on IBR codes (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-03
    Description: Pressure vessels components are widely used in the thermal and nuclear power plants for generating steam using the philosophy of heat transfer. In Thermal power plant, Coal is burnt inside the boiler furnace for generating the heat. The amount of heat produced through the combustion of pulverized coal is used in changing the phase transfer (i.e. Water into Super-Heated Steam) in the Pressure Parts Component. Pressure vessels are designed as per the Standards and Codes of the country, where the boiler is to be installed. One of the Standards followed in designing Pressure Parts is ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). The mandatory requirements of ASME code must be satisfied by the manufacturer. In our project case, A Shell/pipe which has been manufactured using ASME code has an issue during the drilling of hole. The Actual Size of the drilled holes must be, as per the drawing, but due to error, the size has been differentiate from approved design calculation (i.e. the...
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  • 6
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    Entanglement of spin qubits involving pure DM interaction (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-12-04
    Description: In this work, we study the system of three spin qubits exhibiting pure Dzialoshinskii- Moriya interaction, shortly DM interaction. The dynamics and the concurrence - the measure of the entanglement, are analyzed. It is found that higher the DM interaction strength, shorter will be the duration of two-qubit gate operations.
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  • 7
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    Processing Of Neem And Jatropha Methyl Esters –Alternative Fuels From Vegetable Oil (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-11
    Description: Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The methyl esters of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine. This paper deals with the manufacturing process of Biodiesel from jatropha and neem oil. Biodiesel was prepared from neem oil and jatropha oil, the transestrified having kinematic viscosity of 3 & 2.6 centistokes, methanol ratio is 6:1 & 5.1respectively. The secondary solution is preheated at 65 C & 60 C and reaction temperature is maintained at 60C & 55 C and reaction time is 60 minutes approximately with NaOH catalyst and low viscosity oil is allowed to settle 24 hours. The average yield of neem and jatropha methyl esters was about 85%. These methyl esters shows excellent alternative under optimum condition for fossil fuels.
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  • 8
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    Optimization of process parameters of Al-B 4 C hybrid composites using response surface methodology (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: In this contemporary work, particulates of coconut shell ash and boron carbide were reinforced with an atomized aluminium powder hybrid composites was prepared by the powder metallurgy process. The process parameters in powder metallurgy influence the various material properties. Compaction pressure, sintering temperature and weight percentage of coconut shell ash were selected as influencing parameters. An empirical relationship has been formulated using response surface methodology. The properties such as hardness, relative density and percentage of porosity are considered a response. Variance of analysis was employed to determine the significance of process parameters on the responses and to determine the optimal combination of parameters. High harness value of 165.1 HV, maximum density of 0.819 g/cc and minimal porosity of 8.15 % was obtained for the optimum condition.
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  • 9
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    Immobilization of Cellulase from Bacillus subtilis UniMAP-KB01 on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biofuel Production (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Bacillus subtilis UniMAP-KB01, a cellulase producer was isolated from Malaysian mangrove soil. Through morphological identification it was observed that the B. subtilis appears to be in rod shaped and identified as a gram positive bacterium. Growth profile of isolated B. subtilis was established by measuring optical density (OD) at 600 nm for every 1 hour intervals. Polymath software was employed to plot the growth profile and the non-linear plot established gave the precision value of linear regression, R 2 of 0.9602, root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.0176 and variance of 0.0025. The hydrolysis capacity testing revealed the cellulolytic index of 2.83 ± 0.46 after stained with Gram’s Iodine. The harvested crude enzyme after 24 hours incubation in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) broth at 45°C and 100 RPM, was tested for enzyme activity. Through Filter Paper Assay (FPA), the cellulase activity was calculated to be 0.05 U/mL. The hydrolysis capacity ...
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  • 10
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    Practicability of Lignocellulosic Waste Composite in Controlling Air Pollution from Leaves Litter through Bioethanol Production (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Environmental degradation through greenhouse emission have spurred nation’s interest on feedstock-based fuel. Yet, development of this clean biofuel is obstructed by the expensive feedstock which takes up most of the production cost. Therefore, as an alternative, utilization of widely available lignocellulosic residues with relatively no commercial significance has been considered. This present work emphasizes on mango ( Mangifera indica ) leaves one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste in Malaysia. Through implementation of this biomass for bioethanol production, continuous allowance of air pollution with a deleterious impact to the country’s environment could be reduced. The high concentration of sugar (16-18%w/v) in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose is ultimately the reason behind the selection of these leaves as a substrate for bioethanol production. Hence, in this study, a comparison of biomass composition in Harum Manis, Sunshine and Chokanan mango leaves w...
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