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  • 1
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    Can improved agricultural water use efficiency save India’s groundwater? (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: Irrigated agriculture is placing increasing pressure on finite freshwater resources, especially in developing countries, where water extraction is often unregulated, un-priced and even subsidized. To shift agriculture to a more sustainable use of water without harming the food security and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of smallholders, substantial improvements of water use efficiency will be required. Here, we use detailed hydroclimatic and agricultural data to estimate the potential for the widespread adoption of efficient irrigation technologies to halt the depletion of India’s groundwater resources. Even though we find substantial technical potential for reversing water table declines, we show that the impacts are highly sensitive to assumptions about farmers’ water use decisions. For example, we find that widespread adoption of proven technologies that include drip and sprinkler irrigation has the potential to reduce the amount of excessive extraction of groundwater by ...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Highly flexible short-pulse generation and high sensitivity sensing with stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-30
    Description: We demonstrate two novel types of applications using the same generator as a source for Brillouin multi-wavelength generation. The first is as a highly flexible picosecond pulsed laser source which is tunable in time duration, repetition rate and emission wavelength for optical clock applications in telecommunication. The second application is a high sensitivity distributed Brillouin sensors (DTS) to lower costs and widens the market sector. We demonstrate tunability of the pulsed laser source from ~15 ps down to ~3.5 ps over the whole telecommunications C-band by simply controlling the number of Stokes waves being generated forming a phase-locked Brillouin frequency comb. The repetition rate is the Brillouin frequency shift of ~10 GHz which can be tuned by changing the gain fiber within the cavity. An increase in the standard temperature sensitivity of DTS of ~1.3 MHz/°C by 6 fold is also demonstrated. This increase is of great importance in DTS, since the detection of any vari...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Dynamical analysis of Nano filled - Sisal fiber hybrid reinforced composites (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: In this present work, the nano filled (Multi walled carbon nano tube) glass and sisal fiber reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated with varying the wt. % of MWCNT’s by 0%, 0.5% and 1% respectively. Compression molding technique is used to fabricate the composites and are subjected to dynamic analysis over a range of temperature (30-190 °C) at the frequency rate of 5Hz. The effect of temperature and nano filler on storage modulus (E′) loss modulus (E ″) and damping efficiency (tan δ) are determinedby using dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA). The shear and loss modulus obtained maximum values for 0.5wt.% MWCNT composites. Damping value is higher for 1wt.% MWCNT incorporated composites. By using ultrasonic probe sonicator, nano fillers are mixed in to the epoxy resin to prepare a modified resin. The dynamic properties are evaluated as per as ASTM standards.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Waste heat energy utilization in refrigeration and air-conditioning (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: This paper represents the utilization of wastage of heat energy from Refrigeration and air-conditioning, thereby saving energy. Generally in refrigeration system waste heat available at condenser unit, so we have used that available waste heat for heating of water. For making this system multifunctional, flexible and economical Condensing coil is immersed in water to be heated and a part of cooling coil 1 st passed through filled water tank in which water is to be cooled and then remaining coil is utilized for cooling of air so that desired space to be cooled. Hence here cooling of air, water and heating of water all the three process is done simultaneously in a single unit . For this an experimental setup is designed and fabricated in the hydraulic machine lab of BIT sindri, Dhanbad and various measuring parameter were recorded through different instruments. The COP of system, Capacity of water heater and cooling capacity of room air cooler here calculated is 4.03, 1....
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Development of Novel Constructional Material from Industrial Solid Waste as Geopolymer (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-25
    Description: In present investigations, Geopolymer is made from thermal power plant waste obtained such as Pond Ash. The mechanism involved is that the silicon and aluminium present in the waste reacts with alkali liquid, forming Geopolymer which binds other non-reactive materials in the waste. The highest strength level achieved for as-prepared Geopolymers 19 MPa by curing 1 day. The strength level of Geopolymeric products are 22 MPa (Geopolymeric Motar) and 31 MPa (Geopolymer concrete), respectively. SEM micrographs reveal that there is a gradual transformation from irregular spherical shape to compacted mass which is due to polymeric transformation with increase in curing time which also corroborate with mechanical properties such as compressive strength. DSC isotherms show oozing out of inbuilt water which has accumulated during condensation polymerization reaction. The strength level achieved for optimum combination of variable is found to be comparable to that of standard motar of grad...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Processing and characterization of aluminium 2014-10Wt% SiC composite (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: The present work focuses on development of hot extruded, hot forged and T6 heat treated Aluminium 2014-10wt% SiC composite. The developed composites on T6 heat treatment exhibit higher hardness when compared to composites before heat treatment. Friction and wear studies were conducted by varying load and sliding velocity parameters on both heat treated and non-heat treated specimens using pin-on-disc machines. The coefficient of friction of the developed composites is lowered on T6 heat treatment as compared to composites without heat treatment. By increasing load the wear rate increases before and after T6 heat treatment. Before and after heat treatment microstructure studies have been carried out on hot forged aluminum 2014-10wt% SiC composites. SEM, EDAX and Confocal studies have been done for the worn surface.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Surface termination dependent quasiparticle scattering interference and magneto-transport study on ZrSiS (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-19
    Description: Dirac nodal line semimetals represent a new state of quantum matters in which the electronic bands touch to form a closed loop with linear dispersion. Here, we report a combined study on ZrSiS by density functional theory calculation, scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) and magneto-transport measurements. Our STM measurements reveal the spectroscopic signatures of a diamond-shaped Dirac bulk band and a surface band on two types of cleaved surfaces as well as a spin-polarized surface band at ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1367-2630/20/10/103025/njpaae5c8ieqn1.gif] {$\bar{{\rm{\Gamma }}}$} at E ∼ 0.6 eV on S-surface, consistent with our band calculation. Furthermore, we find the surface termination does not affect the surface spectral weight from the Dirac bulk bands but greatly affect the surface bands due to the change in the surface orbital composition. From our magneto-transport measurements, the primary Shubnikov–de-Haas frequency is identifie...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
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    Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations and multi-mode dynamics in quenched, inhomogeneous density spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: We have studied the effects of multiple, competing spatial modes that are excited by a quantum quench of an antiferromagnetic spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. We observed Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations and associated super-Poissonian noise in the mode populations. The decay of these correlations was consistent with experimentally observed spin domain patterns. Data were compared with a real-space Bogoliubov theory as well as numerical solution of the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations that were seeded by quantum noise via the truncated Wigner approximation. The spatial modes that were both observed experimentally and deduced theoretically are intimately connected to the inhomogeneous density profile of the condensate. Unique features were observed not present in a homogeneous system, including unstable modes located near the center of the cloud, where the dynamics were initiated.
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
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    An experimental investigation of pump as turbine for micro hydro application (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-18
    Description: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a centrifugal pump working as turbine (PAT). An end suction centrifugal pump was tested in turbine mode at PAT experimental rig installed in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of Universiti Tenaga Nasional. The pump with specific speed of 15.36 (m, m 3 /s) was used in the experiment and the performance characteristic of the PAT was determined. The experiment showed that a centrifugal pump can satisfactorily be operated as turbine without any mechanical problems. As compared to pump operation, the pump was found to operate at higher heads and discharge values in turbine mode. The best efficiency point (BEP) in turbine mode was found to be lower than BEP in pump mode. The results obtained were also compared to the work of some previous researchers.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Performance of Fluidized bed Fenton process in Degrading Acid Blue 113 (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: The performance of a fluidized bed Fenton process in degrading Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) was investigated. Fluidized bed Fenton process is a modification of conventional Fenton oxidation, aimed at reducing sludge generation and improving process performance. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of operational parameter on the color removal from the dye. Dimensionless factors, Dye/Fe 2+ , H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ and pH were used as the independent variables in Box-Behnken Design (BDD). Reduced quadratic model was developed to predict the color removal. The process could remove up to 99 % of the initial color. The most significant factor for color removal was found to be Dye/Fe 2+ , followed by H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ . Unlike conventional Fenton, the initial pH of the solution does not have a significant effect on the color removal.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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