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  • 1
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    Hydrometallurgical Treatment for Mixed Waste Battery Material (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-18
    Description: Hydrometallurgical experiments are generally required to assess the appropriate treatment process before the establishment of the industrial recovery process for waste battery materials. The effects of acid systems and oxidants in metal leaching were studied. The comprehensive leaching effects of the citric acid were superior to the sulfuric acid. The potassium permanganate inhibits the dissolution of metals. Thermodynamic calculations showed that metals precipitate more easily in sulfuric acid system than in citric acid system. The Fe precipitation efficiency in sulfuric acid system was 90% at pH 3.5, but with considerable losses of Co (30%) and Ni (40%). The proper pH and organic/aqueous (O/A) ratio for Fe and Zn removal with Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid extraction were 2 and 0.5, respectively; while for the removal of Cu and Mn, the best pH and O/A ratio were 3 and 0.75, respectively. Crude manganese carbonate and a cobalt-nickel enriched liquid were obtained by selectiv...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Micromechanical analysis on anisotropy of structured magneto-rheological elastomer (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-17
    Description: This paper investigates the equivalent elastic modulus of structured magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE) in the absence of magnetic field. We assume that both matrix and ferromagnetic particles are linear elastic materials, and ferromagnetic particles are embedded in matrix with layer-like structure. The structured composite could be divided into matrix layer and reinforced layer, in which the reinforced layer is composed of matrix and the homogenously distributed ferromagnetic particles in matrix. The equivalent elastic modulus of reinforced layer is analysed by the Mori-Tanaka method. Finite Element Method (FEM) is also carried out to illustrate the relationship between the elastic modulus and the volume fraction of ferromagnetic particles. The results show that the anisotropy of elastic modulus becomes noticeable, as the volume fraction of particles increases.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Numerical simulation on austenitization of cast steel during heating process (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: A cellular automaton model has been developed to simulate the austenitization process of ASTM A216 WCA cast steel during heating process. The dissolution of pearlite and the transformation of ferrite into austenite were simulated. The calculation domain was divided into square cells, which are characterized by certain attributes that represent the status of each cell: pearlite (P), ferrite (α), austenite (γ) or γ /α interface. The dissolution of pearlite was described by nucleation and growth of austenite. A mixed-mode model in multicomponent system was employed to calculate the growth velocity of the γ /α interface. According to Burke and Turnbull's theory, austenite grain coarsening induced by γ /γ grain boundary migration was simulated. To validate the model, dilatometric and quenching experiments were carried out. The dilatometric experiment was conducted using a Gleeble1500D with a sample 8 mm in diameter. The temperature of the sample was measured using thermocouples welde...
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  • 4
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    Refinement of primary Si in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by intensive melt shearing (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-13
    Description: Hypereutectic Al-Si based alloys are gaining popularity for applications where a combination of light weight and high wear resistance is required. The high wear resistance arising from the hard primary Si particles comes at the price of extremely poor machine tool life. To minimize machining problems while exploiting outstanding wear resistance, the primary Si particles must be controlled to a uniform small size and uniform spatial distribution. The current industrial means of refining primary Si chemically by the addition of phosphorous suffers from a number of problems. In the present paper an alternative, physical means of refining primary Si by intensive shearing of the melt prior to casting is investigated. Al-15wt%Si alloy has been solidified under varying casting conditions (cooling rate) and the resulting microstructures have been studied using microscopy and quantitative image analysis. Primary Si particles were finer, more compact in shape and more numerous with increa...
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow in U-beam separator (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Numerical simulation is carried out for gas-solid two-phase flow in a U-beam separator. In this study, the U-beam is altered with the inlet fins in order to improve the performance of the separator. The inlet fin angle of the separator are 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55 ° and 60°. The governing equations are the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation with the standard k- ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/epsilon.gif] {epsilon} model and the discrete phase model (DPM) describing the discrete two - phase flow as well as stochastic tracking model. Results show that the pressure drop deviation with fins is within 3% from those without fins. It is found that there is a maximum separation efficiency at the fin angle of 35°. Fin induces generation of a stagnation region which could collect particles and lead to change of vortical structures. The fin induced flow also causes the turbulent intensity inside the...
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Analysis of vortex flow in a cyclone separators based on the energy gradient theory (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Numerical simulation is carried out for the tangential inlet cyclone separator with different dimensionless parameter (the ratio of cone-tip diameter and cylinder diameter d/D is 0.342, 0.355, 0.368, 0.382 and 0.395). Then, the stability of the vortex flow in the separator is analyzed with the energy gradient theory. The governing equation is the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). The finite volume method is employed to simulate the flow and the velocity, pressure, separation efficiency and the turbulent intensity are obtained. Results show that the location of the maximum tangential velocity is near the axis, and the highest outer vortex tangential velocity is achieved at the dimensionless rate of 0.355. When the d/D=0.355, the tangential velocity distribution in the outer vortex is the most close to velocity distribution characteristics of free vortex. The free vortex distribution has the best stability from the energy gradient theory w...
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    A Study on Spreading Direction of Coal-fire Based with TIR Remote Sensing in Wuda Coalfield from 2000 to 2006, Northern China (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: Coal fires are a common and serious problem in most coal producing countries. Coal fires could not only lead to a huge loss of non-renewable energy resources, but it also can cause many environmental problems such as GHG emission, land subsidence and increment of surface temperature. So it is very important to monitor the dynamic changes of coal fires. As far as large scale coal field, remote sensing provided researchers with a new and useful technique for coal fire detection. This paper developed a research over coal fire spreading direction using a multi-temporal TIR remote sensing approach. The results successfully showed that the direction of coal fire spreading and predicted the coal fire direction of development on a regional scale or on a whole coal field scale, and a quantitative analysis of coal fires was made in the research. The results showed that the coal fires had an average annual increase of 0.5 million square meters from 1999 to 2006, and the TIR remote sensing ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    Numerical study of the fluid-structure interaction of composite hydrofoil with different plying angles in steady flow (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: The object of this paper is to numerically investigate the fluid-structure interaction of composite hydrofoil. The aim is to validate 3D numerical simulation model with fluid-structure interaction of composite materials comparing to experimental data, and study the fluid-structure interaction of composite hydrofoil. Numerical results are presented for a composite hydrofoil. The hydrofoil has unswept trapezoidal planform of aspect ratio 3.33. The numerical model has been validated and showed reasonable agreement with the experiment measurements. Then the forces and deformations of composite hydrofoil with different plying angles have been investigated at Re =1x10 6 and initial angle of attack α =6°. The results show that lift and drag coefficients and tip twist angle decrease and get minimum at about plying angle θ =35°. According to Classical Laminate Theory, the intrinsic bending-twisting coupling of composite structures leads to the variation of twi...
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Research on estimating method for the smart electric energy meter’s error based on parameter degradation model (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: The performance of the smart electric energy meter deteriorates during the operation, which will affects the accuracy of energy metering. In order to estimate the smart meter’s error during the operation, a method based on parameter degradation model is proposed. The meter’s degradation parameters and degradation acting parameters are determined, aiming at building parameter degradation model and putting forward error estimation constraint. Big data analysis methods are adopted in the process of solving degradation network. As the data are of multiple categories and data changing rates are variable, pre-processing method of differential normalized data is employed. Additionally, feed-forward neural network is adopted to approximate degradation characteristics, because elementary function is incapable of describing degradation network. Therefore, the smart meter’s error can be estimated according to the error estimation constraint, assuming degradation acting parameters pre-deter...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    One-step synthesis of nitrogen and chlorine co-doped fluorescent carbon nanodots for the sensitive detection of Ag + (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: Nitrogen and chlorine co-doped fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) were prepared using a facile and eco-friendly solvothermal process in which N-Chlorosuccinimide(NCS) was used as a carbon source. The resulting CDs were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It shows emission of blue light at 410 nm when excited at 340 nm. High quantum yield of 21.7% and good biocompatibility were also observed. Importantly, the fluorescence intensity of CDs was selectively quenched after addition of Ag + . Based upon the aforementioned phenomenon, a new fluorescent biosensor for the detection of Ag + was proposed. The linear range and detection limit was 5-70 μM and 1.06 μM, respectively. Eventually, these superior properties demonstrated that the CDs have promising applications in the field of environmental a...
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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