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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (17)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (9)
  • 1
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    Cell type-dependent bimodal p53 activation engenders a dynamic mechanism of chemoresistance (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Studies of drug resistance mostly characterize genetic mutation, and we know much less about phenotypic mechanisms of drug resistance, especially at a quantitative level. p53 is an important mediator of cellular response to chemotherapy, but even p53 wild-type cells vary in drug sensitivity for unclear reasons. Here, we elucidated a new resistance mechanism to a DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic through bimodal modulation of p53 activation dynamics. By combining single-cell imaging with computational modeling, we characterized a four-component regulatory module, which generates bimodal p53 dynamics through coupled feed-forward and feedback, and found that the inhibitory strength between ATM and Mdm2 determined the differential modular output between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines. We further showed that the combinatorial inhibition of Mdm2 and Wip1 was an effective strategy to alter p53 dynamics in resistant cancer cells and sensitize their apoptotic response. Our results point to p53 pulsing as a potentially druggable mechanism that mediates chemoresistance.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Spin-orbit torque manipulated by fine-tuning of oxygen-induced orbital hybridization (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Current-induced spin-orbit torques provide an effective way to manipulate magnetization in spintronic devices, promising for fast switching applications in nonvolatile memory and logic units. Recent studies have revealed that the spin-orbit torque is strongly altered by the oxidation of heterostructures with broken inversion symmetry. Although this finding opens a new field of metal-oxide spin-orbitronics, the role of the oxidation in the spin-orbit physics is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate a marked enhancement of the spin-orbit torque induced by a fine-tuning of oxygen-induced modification of orbital hybridization. This is evidenced by a concomitant enhancement of the interface spin-orbit torque, interface spin loss, and interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy within a narrow range of the oxidation level of metallic heterostructures. This result reveals the crucial role of the atomic-scale effects in the generation of the spin-orbit torques, opening the door to atomic-level engineering of the spin-orbit physics.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The prostate cancer risk variant rs55958994 regulates multiple gene expression through extreme long-range chromatin interaction to control tumor progression (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Genome-wide association studies identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs55958994 as a significant variant associated with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms by which this SNP mediates increased risk to cancer are still unknown. In this study, we show that this variant is located in an enhancer active in prostate cancer cells. Deletion of this enhancer from prostate tumor cells resulted in decreased tumor initiation, tumor growth, and invasive migration, as well as a loss of stem-like cells. Using a combination of capture chromosome conformation capture (Capture-C) and RNA sequencing, we identified genes on the same and different chromosomes as targets regulated by the enhancer. Furthermore, we show that expression of individual candidate target genes in an enhancer-deleted cell line rescued different aspects of tumorigenesis. Our data suggest that the rs55958994-associated enhancer affects prostate cancer progression by influencing expression of multiple genes via long-range chromatin interactions.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Electric field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Chinese coastal seas are facing heavy atmospheric nitrogen deposition (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-25
    Description: As the amount of reactive nitrogen (N) generated and emitted increases the amount of N deposition and its contribution to eutrophication or harmful algal blooms in the coastal zones are becoming issues of environmental concern. To quantify N deposition in coastal seas of China we selected six typical coastal sites from North to South in 2011. Concentrations of NH 3 , HNO 3 , NO 2 , particulate NH 4 + (pNH 4 + ) and pNO 3 − ranged from 1.97– 4.88, 0.46 –1.22, 3.03 –7.09, 2.24 – 4.90 and 1.13–2.63 μ g N m −3 at Dalian (DL), Changdao (CD), Linshandao (LS), Fenghua (FH), Fuzhou (FZ), and Zhanjiang (ZJ) sites, respectively. Volume-weighted NO 3 − –N and NH 4 + –N concentrations in precipitation varied from 0.46 to 1.67 and 0.47 to 1.31 mg N L −1 at the six sites. Dry, wet and total deposition rates of N were 7.8–23.1, 14.2–25.2 and 22.0 ...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Validation of significant wave height product from Envisat ASAR using triple collocation (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: Nowadays, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a powerful tool for providing significant wave height. Traditionally, validation of SAR derived ocean wave height has been carried out against buoy measurements or model outputs, which only yield a inter-comparison, but not an 'absolute' validation. In this study, the triple collocation error model has been introduced in the validation of Envisat ASAR level 2 data. Significant wave height data from ASAR were validated against in situ buoy data, and wave model hindcast results from WaveWatch III, covering a period of six years. The impact of the collocation distance on the error of ASAR wave height was discussed. From the triple collocation validation analysis, it is found that the error of Envisat ASAR significant wave height product is linear to the collocation distance, and decrease with the decreasing collocation distance. Using the linear regression fit method, the absolute error of Envisat ASAR wave height was o...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Cell type-dependent bimodal p53 activation engenders a dynamic mechanism of chemoresistance (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-20
    Description: Studies of drug resistance mostly characterize genetic mutation, and we know much less about phenotypic mechanisms of drug resistance, especially at a quantitative level. p53 is an important mediator of cellular response to chemotherapy, but even p53 wild-type cells vary in drug sensitivity for unclear reasons. Here, we elucidated a new resistance mechanism to a DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic through bimodal modulation of p53 activation dynamics. By combining single-cell imaging with computational modeling, we characterized a four-component regulatory module, which generates bimodal p53 dynamics through coupled feed-forward and feedback, and found that the inhibitory strength between ATM and Mdm2 determined the differential modular output between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines. We further showed that the combinatorial inhibition of Mdm2 and Wip1 was an effective strategy to alter p53 dynamics in resistant cancer cells and sensitize their apoptotic response. Our results point to p53 pulsing as a potentially druggable mechanism that mediates chemoresistance.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Upgrading traditional liquid electrolyte via in situ gelation for future lithium metal batteries (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉High-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are expected to play important roles in the next-generation energy storage systems. However, the uncontrolled Li dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes still impedes LMBs from authentic commercialization. Upgrading the traditional electrolyte system from liquid to solid and quasi-solid has therefore become a key issue for prospective LMBs. From this premise, it is particularly urgent to exploit facile strategies to accomplish this goal. We report that commercialized liquid electrolyte can be easily converted into a novel quasi-solid gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) via a simple and efficient in situ gelation strategy, which, in essence, is to use LiPF〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 to induce the cationic polymerization of the ether-based 1,3-dioxolane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane liquid electrolyte under ambient temperature. The newly developed GPE exhibits elevated protective effects on Li anodes and has universality for diversified cathodes including but not restricted to sulfur, olivine-type LiFePO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, and layered LiNi〈sub〉0.6〈/sub〉Co〈sub〉0.2〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉0.2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, revealing tremendous potential in promoting the large-scale application of future LMBs.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamonomethoxine in aqueous phase using PW 12 /TiO 2 composites under UV lights (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: A composite catalyst with phosphotungstic acid and TiO 2 has been synthesized by sol-gel method. The phase, structure, morphology and optical properties were explored by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis DRS). The effects of calcilation temperature, calcilation time and the doping ratio of phosphotungstic acid on the catalytic performance of the composite catalyst were investigated for sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) degradation. Results showed that the TiO 2 in the sample had an anatase type and had a large specific surface area and a better catalytic performance when compared with the pure TiO 2 . When Recycling tests with calcination temperature of 500 degree centigrade, calcination time of 2h and PW 12 /TiO 2 doping ratio of 0.35, the degradation of SMM in water phase was high by photo catalytic treatment of PW 12 /TiO 2 composites under UV lig...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Parameters tuning of doubly fed induction generator systems with static synchronous compensator based on Chaos orthogonal particle swarm optimization (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: For Double-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind farm systems with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), by optimizing multiple proportional integral (PI) controllers parameters of DFIG and STATCOM, the performance of the wind power system is significantly improved and the voltage of point of common coupling (PCC) is quickly restored when a low voltage due to a grid fault. Chaos orthogonal particle swarm optimization is proposed to make the integral time absolute error (ITAE) of active power of DFIG, DC-link voltage of converter of DFIG and voltage of PCC minimum. The orthogonal method is used to get the range of parameters and identify the weight relations between different indicators. And then the chaos algorithm is used to initialize the algorithm. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) can effectively improve the efficiency of the optimization. Based on MATLAB/Simulink, the simulations of wind farm containing STATCOM incorporated into the infinite system under diff...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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