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  • 1
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    Aerosol-Precipitation Interactions over India: Review and Future Perspectives (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Description: Atmospheric aerosols can interact with clouds and influence the hydrological cycle by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. The current study reviews the results obtained on aerosol-precipitation interactions over India and the surrounding oceanic regions. An analysis of aerosol and cloud characteristics over the Arabian Sea, India, and the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon in the last decade reveals large regional, intraseasonal, and interannual variations. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol absorbing index (AAI) in 2002 (a drought year) are higher over India when compared to normal monsoon years. Cloud effective radius (CER) and cloud optical thickness exhibit a negative correlation with AOD over India, which agrees well with the indirect radiative effects of aerosols. Over Bay of Bengal CER is positively correlated with AOD suggesting an inverse aerosol indirect effect. In future, observatories to measure aerosol characteristics (amount, size, type, chemical composition, mixing, vertical and horizontal distributions), and cloud properties (number and size) over several locations in India, and intense observational campaigns involving aircraft and ships are crucial to unravel the quantitative impact that aerosols have on Indian monsoon. Satellite remote sensing of aerosol distribution, their chemical composition, microphysical properties of clouds, solar irradiance, and terrestrial longwave radiation is important.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    A Dynamically Reconfigurable Video Compression Scheme Using FPGAs with Coarse-grain Parallelism (2002)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: A dynamically reconfigurable scheme for video encoder to switch among many different applications is presented. The scheme is suitable for FPGA implementation and conforms to JPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and H.263 standards. The scheme has emerged as an efficient and cost-effective solution for video compression as a result of innovative design using well-partitioned algorithms, highly pipelined architecture and coarse-grain parallelism. The reconfiguration time of the video encoder is less than 320 μs while switching from one standard to another. Although the dynamic reconfiguration scheme is presented for a video encoder, the same design methodology may be applied effectively for any other application.
    Print ISSN: 1065-514X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5171
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    A Novel, Automatic Quality Control Scheme for Real Time Image Transmission (2002)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: A novel scheme to compute energy on-the-fly and thereby control the quality of the image frames dynamically is presented along with its FPGA implementation. This scheme is suitable for incorporation in image compression systems such as video encoders. In this new scheme, processing is automatically stopped when the desired quality is achieved for the image being processed by using a concept called pruning. Pruning also increases the processing speed by a factor of more than two when compared to the conventional method of processing without pruning. An MPEG-2 encoder implemented using this scheme is capable of processing good quality monochrome and color images of sizes up to 1024 × 768 pixels at the rate of 42 and 28 frames per second, respectively, with a compression ratio of over 17:1. The encoder is also capable of working in the fixed pruning level mode with user programmable features.
    Print ISSN: 1065-514X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5171
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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