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  • 1
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    Study on the Explicit Formula of the Triangular Flat Shell Element Based on the Analytical Trial Functions for Anisotropy Material (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: This paper presents a novel way to formulate the triangular flat shell element. The basic analytical solutions of membrane and bending plate problem for anisotropy material are studied separately. Combining with the conforming displacement along the sides and hybrid element strategy, the triangular flat shell elements based on the analytical trial functions (ATF) for anisotropy material are formulated. By using the explicit integral formulae of the triangular element, the matrices used in proposed shell element are calculated efficiently. The benchmark examples showed the high accuracy and high efficiency.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    Study on the Explicit Formula of the Triangular Flat Shell Element Based on the Analytical Trial Functions for Anisotropy Material (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Description: This paper presents a novel way to formulate the triangular flat shell element. The basic analytical solutions of membrane and bending plate problem for anisotropy material are studied separately. Combining with the conforming displacement along the sides and hybrid element strategy, the triangular flat shell elements based on the analytical trial functions (ATF) for anisotropy material are formulated. By using the explicit integral formulae of the triangular element, the matrices used in proposed shell element are calculated efficiently. The benchmark examples showed the high accuracy and high efficiency.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 3
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    Electric Vehicle Routing Problems with Stochastic Demands and Dynamic Remedial Measures (2020)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-25
    Description: With the rapid development of e-commerce, logistic enterprises must better predict customer demand to improve distribution efficiency, so as to deliver goods in advance, which makes logistics stochastic and dynamic. In order to deal with this challenge and respond to the concept of “green logistics,” an electric vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands (EVRPSD) and proactive remedial measures is investigated, and an EVRPSD model with probability constraints is established. At the same time, a hybrid heuristic algorithm, combining a saving method and an improved Tabu search algorithm, is proposed to solve the model. Moreover, two insertion strategies with the greedy algorithm for charging stations and dynamic nodes are introduced. Finally, a large number of experimental data show that the heuristic algorithm proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 4
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    Research on Characteristics and Trends of Traffic Flow Based on Mixed Velocity Method and Background Difference Method (2020)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-28
    Description: This research is conducted on the characters and trends of traffic flow in highway maintenance work areas under typical maintenance work forms. In order to improve the safety of the highway maintenance work area, a data monitoring method based on the combination of mixed speed measurement and background difference method were developed. During the on-site detection, the starting point of the warning zone, the starting point of the upstream transition zone, the starting point of the working zone, the midpoint of the working zone, and the six speed measurement sections of the working zone were collected at the end point and the end zone. In the video detection, the background subtraction was used, and the morphological denoting method and the connected domain analysis method were used to retain the vehicle foreground. After analyzing the connection domain and removing the wrong target, the vehicle target area is extracted from research. The research finally obtained the traffic flow characteristics of the start point of the warning zone, the start point of the upstream transition zone, the start point of the work zone, the midpoint of the work zone, the end point of the work zone, and the end point of the downstream transition zone. The study also obtained the traffic volume and the change trend of headway. The combination of mixed velocity method and background difference method is helpful for data monitoring in typical highway maintenance work areas. The measured data results are helpful for studying the distribution characteristics and trends of traffic flow in typical highway maintenance work areas.
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 5
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    An Extended Car-Following Model considering the Driver’s Desire for Smooth Driving and Self-Stabilizing Control with Velocity Uncertainty (2020)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-29
    Description: In this paper, an extended car-following model with consideration of the driver’s desire for smooth driving and the self-stabilizing control in historical velocity data is constructed. Moreover, for better reflecting the reality, we also integrate the velocity uncertainty into the new model to analyze the internal characteristics of traffic flow in situation where the historical velocity data are uncertain. Then, the model’s linear stability condition is inferred by utilizing linear stability analysis, and the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is also obtained to depict the evolution properties of traffic congestion. According to the theoretical analysis, we observe that the degree of traffic congestion is alleviated when the control signal is considered, and the historical time gap and the velocity uncertainty also play a role in affecting the stability of traffic flow. Finally, some numerical simulation experiments are implemented and the experiments’ results demonstrate that the control signals including the self-stabilizing control, the driver’s desire for smooth driving, the historical time gap, and the velocity uncertainty are of avail to improve the traffic jam, which are consistent with the theoretical analytical results.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 6
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    On Minimum-Latency Broadcast in Multichannel Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Broadcast has critical significance for wide application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Minimum-latency broadcast (MLB) studies how to devise a broadcast schedule, which can achieve minimum broadcast latency with no signal interference. In multichannel duty-cycled WSNs, nodes can exploit multiple channels to communicate and periodically fall asleep after working for some time. Nevertheless, most solutions to the MLB problem either focus on nonsleeping scenarios or only exploit one single channel. Therefore, we investigate the MLB problem in multichannel duty-cycled WSNs in this paper and call this problem as MLBCD problem. We prove that MLBCD problem is NP-hard. We propose a new concept of active interference graph (AIG). Based on AIG, we present one novel approximation broadcast algorithm called NAB to solve the MLBCD problem. We prove that our proposed NAB algorithm achieves provable performance guarantee. The results of our extensive evaluations show that NAB algorithm can significantly improve the broadcast latency.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-1477
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    Analysis on Strong Tracking Filtering for Linear Dynamic Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-11
    Description: Strong tracking filtering (STF) is a popular adaptive estimation method to effectively deal with state estimation for linear and nonlinear dynamic systems with inaccurate models or sudden change of state. The key of the STF is to use a time-variant fading factor, which can be evaluated based on the current measurement innovation in real time, to forcefully correct one step state prediction error covariance. The strong tracking filtering technology has been extensively applied in many practical systems, but the theoretical analysis is highly lacking. In an effort to better understand STF, a novel analysis framework is developed for the strong tracking filtering and some new problems are discussed for the first time. For this, we propose a new perspective that correcting the state prediction error covariance by using the fading factor can be thought of directly modifying the state model by correcting the covariance of the process noise. Based on this proposed point of view, the conditions for the STF function to be effective are deeply analyzed in a certain linear dynamic system. Meanwhile, issues of false alarm and alarm failure are also briefly discussed for the strong tracking filtering function. Some numerical simulation examples are demonstrated to validate the results.
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 8
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    Adaptive Gearshift Strategy Based on Generalized Load Recognition for Automatic Transmission Vehicles (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-11
    Description: Recognizing various driving conditions in real time and adjusting control strategy accordingly in automatic transmission vehicles are important to improve their adaptability to the external environment. This study defines a generalized load concept which can comprehensively reflect driving condition information. The principle of a gearshift strategy based on generalized load is deduced theoretically, adopting linear interpolation between the shift lines on flat and on the largest gradient road based on recognition results. For the convenience of application, normalization processing is used to transform generalized load results into a normalized form. Compared with the dynamic three-parameter shift schedule, the complex tridimensional curved surface is not needed any more, so it would reduce demands of memory space. And it has a more concise expression and better real-time performance. For the target vehicle, when driving uphill with gradient 11%, the vehicle load is about 280~320 Nm; when driving downhill, the value is around −340~−320 Nm. Road tests show that generalized vehicle load keeps near 0 in zero-load condition after calibration, and an 11% grade can be estimated with less than 1.8% error. This method is convenient and easy to implement in control software and can identify the driving condition information effectively.
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  • 9
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    Application of the Improved Complex Normal Form Method Based on He’s Energy Balance Method to a Noise Included Nonlinear Oscillator (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: A strongly nonlinear oscillator with nonlinear damping subject to narrow band random excitation is discussed. The deterministic and the stochastic responses are studied, respectively, applying the improved complex normal form method based on He’s energy balance method. The accuracy of detecting of the response frequency has been improved significantly. The behavior of steady state responses together with the stability is analyzed by the moment method. The numerical simulation results are consistent with theoretical analysis. When the noise intensity is small enough, the analytical result given by the moment method agrees with the simulation quite well.
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  • 10
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    Effect of Zn/ZSM-5 and FePO4 Catalysts on Cellulose Pyrolysis (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Description: A series of Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Zn contents and FePO4 were used to pyrolyze cellulose to produce value added chemicals. The nature of these catalysts was characterized by ammonia-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Noncatalytic and catalytic pyrolytic behaviors of cellulose were studied by thermogravimetric (TG) technique. The pyrolytic liquid products, that is, the biooils, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of the biooils are anhydrosugars such as levoglucosan (LGA), 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucofuranose (AGF), levoglucosenone (LGO, 1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-β-D-pyranosen-2-one), and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-D-glucopyranose (DGP), as well as furan derivatives, alcohols, and so forth. Zn/ZSM-5 samples with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and the FePO4 catalyst with Lewis acid sites were found to have a significant effect on the pyrolytic behaviors of cellulose and product distribution. These results show that Brønsted and Lewis acid sites modified remarkably components of the biooil, which could promote the production of furan compounds and LGO. On the basis of the findings, a model was proposed to describe the pyrolysis pathways of cellulose catalyzed by the solid acid catalysts.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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