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  • Hindawi  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 2005-2009  (11)
  • 1980-1984  (1)
  • 1
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    Social integration of robots into groups of cockroaches to control self-organized choices (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Collective behavior based on self-organization has been shown in group-living animals from insects to vertebrates. These findings have stimulated engineers to investigate approaches for the coordination of autonomous multirobot systems based on self-organization. In this experimental study, we show collective decision-making by mixed groups of cockroaches and socially integrated autonomous robots, leading to shared shelter selection. Individuals, natural or artificial, are perceived as equivalent, and the collective decision emerges from nonlinear feedbacks based on local interactions. Even when in the minority, robots can modulate the collective decision-making process and produce a global pattern not observed in their absence. These results demonstrate the possibility of using intelligent autonomous devices to study and control self-organized behavioral patterns in group-living animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halloy, J -- Sempo, G -- Caprari, G -- Rivault, C -- Asadpour, M -- Tache, F -- Said, I -- Durier, V -- Canonge, S -- Ame, J M -- Detrain, C -- Correll, N -- Martinoli, A -- Mondada, F -- Siegwart, R -- Deneubourg, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1155-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Service d'Ecologie Sociale CP231, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. jhalloy@ulb.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Choice Behavior ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Periplaneta/*physiology ; *Robotics ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a possible transmitter of nonadrenergic relaxation of guinea pig airways (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a smooth-muscle relaxant neuropeptide with neurotransmitter properties, was relaxed during electrical field stimulation of guinea pig trachea. The amount released correlated with the degree of relaxation, and the release was blocked by tetrodotoxin. Prior incubation of the trachea with antiserum to vasoactive intestinal peptide reduced the relaxation. Thus vasoactive intestinal peptide may mediate the nonadrenergic relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuzaki, Y -- Hamasaki, Y -- Said, S I -- HL-14187/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1252-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/*physiology ; Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; *Muscle Contraction ; *Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Neural Inhibition ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Trachea/*innervation ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/immunology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Suicide in New Zealand (2005)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2005-01-01
    Description: This paper explores and questions some of the notions associated with suicide including mental illness. On average, about two-thirds of suicide cases do not come into contact with mental health services, therefore, we have no objective assessment of their mental status or their life events. One method of improving our objective understanding of suicide would be to use data mining techniques in order to build life event histories on all deaths due to suicide. Although such an exercise would require major funding, partial case histories became publicly available from a coroner's inquest on cases of suicide during a period of three months in Christchurch, New Zealand. The case histories were accompanied by a newspaper article reporting comments from some of the families involved. A straightforward contextual analysis of this information suggests that (i) only five cases had contact with mental health services, in two of the cases this was due to a previous suicide attempt and in the other three it was due to drug and alcohol dependency; (ii) mental illness as the cause of suicide is fixed in the public mindset, (iii) this in turn makes psychological autopsy type studies that seek information from families and friends questionable; (iv) proportionally more females attempt, but more men tend to complete suicide; and (v) not only is the mental health-suicide relationship tenuous, but suicide also appears to be a process outcome. It is hoped that this will stimulate debate and the collaboration of international experts regardless of their school of thought.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Suicide Research and Adolescent Suicide Trends in New Zealand (2008)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-01
    Description: In recent years, there have been a number of claims and counterclaims from suicide research using time series and longitudinal data; in particular, the linkage of increased antidepressant prescriptions to a decrease in suicide rates. Suicide time series appear to have a memory compounded with seasonal and cyclic effects. Failure to take into account these properties may lead to misleading conclusions, e.g., a downward blip is interpreted as the result of current knowledge and public health policies, while an upward blip is explained as suicide being complex depending on many variables requiring further research. In previous publications, I argued that this misuse of time series data is the result of an uncritical acceptance of a medical model that links mental ill-health to suicide. The consequences of such research behaviour are further increases in antidepressant prescriptions and medications to those who should not be prescribed them, with adverse effects showing across the population, e.g., the prescription of antidepressants to very young children (some under 1 year of age) in New Zealand. Moreover, the New Zealand Evidence-based Health Care Bulletin recommends an authoritarian approach for every interaction with a young person to check their psychosocial well-being. When viewed holistically, this kind of human behaviour makes researchers, policy makers (politicians), treatment, and practitioners, and society in general part of the problem rather than the solution. This paper explores some dynamic aspects of suicide, using only official data with particular reference to youth suicide, and suggests that the medical model of suicide is only an attempt to treat depression without addressing suicide, and recommends the creation of a unified database through understanding the society that individuals live in. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate debate and the collaboration of international experts regardless of their school of thought.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Use of Factory-Waste Shingles and Cement Kiln Dust to Enhance the Performance of Soil Used in Road Works (2009)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-01
    Description: An experimental work was conducted to study the use of factory-waste roof shingles to enhance the properties of fine-grained soil used in road works. Cement kiln dust (CKD), a cogenerated product of Portland cement manufacturing, was used as a stabilizing agent while the processed shingles were added to enhance the soil tensile strength. The effects of shingles on strength and stability were evaluated using the unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. The results showed that the use of CKD alone resulted in a considerable increase in the unconfined compressive strength but had a small effect on the tensile strength. The addition of shingles substantially improved the tensile strength of the stabilized soil. A significant reduction in the capillary rise and a slight decrease in the permeability were obtained as a result of shingle addition. An optimal shingle content of 10% is recommended to stabilize the soil.
    Print ISSN: 1687-8086
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8094
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
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    A multilevel method of nonlinear Galerkin type for the Navier-Stokes equations (2005)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-01
    Description: The basic idea of this new method resides in the fact that the major part of the relative information to the solution to calculate is contained in the small modes of a development of Fourier series; the raised modes of which the coefficients associated being small, being negligible to every instant, however, the effect of these modes on a long interval of time is not negligible. The nonlinear Galerkin method proposes economical treatment of these modes that permits, in spite of a simplified calculation, taking into account their interaction correctly with the other modes. After the introduction of this method, we elaborate an efficient strategy for its implementation.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    On some stochastic parabolic differential equations in a Hilbert space (2005)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-01
    Description: We consider some stochastic difference partial differential equations of the form du(x,t,c)=L(x,t,D)u(x,t,c)dt+M(x,t,D)u(x,t−a,c)dw(t), where L(x,t,D) is a linear uniformly elliptic partial differential operator of the second order, M(x,t,D) is a linear partial differential operator of the first order, and w(t) is a Weiner process. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of suitable mixed problems are studied for the considered equation. Some properties are also studied. A more general stochastic problem is considered in a Hilbert space and the results concerning stochastic partial differential equations are obtained as applications.
    Print ISSN: 1048-9533
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-2177
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
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    Fuzzy Risk Graph Model for Determining Safety Integrity Level (2008)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-01
    Description: The risk graph is one of the most popular methods used to determine the safety integrity level for safety instrumented functions. However, conventional risk graph as described in the IEC 61508 standard is subjective and suffers from an interpretation problem of risk parameters. Thus, it can lead to inconsistent outcomes that may result in conservative SIL's. To overcome this difficulty, a modified risk graph using fuzzy rule-based system is proposed. This novel version of risk graph uses fuzzy scales to assess risk parameters, and calibration may be made by varying risk parameter values. Furthermore, the outcomes which are numerical values of risk reduction factor (the inverse of the probability of failure on demand) can be compared directly with those given by quantitative and semiquantitative methods such as fault tree analysis (FTA), quantitative risk assessment (QRA), and layers of protection analysis (LOPA).
    Print ISSN: 1687-7144
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7152
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Plastic Deformation Instabilities: Lambert Solutions of Mecking-Lücke Equation with Delay (2007)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-01
    Description: The aim of this paper is the study of instabilities during plastic deformation at constant cross‐head velocity. The deformation is supposed to be controlled by the emission of dislocation loops. Under some hypothesis analogous to the Mecking‐Lücke relation, we derive a linear delay differential‐difference equation. The “retarded” time term appears as the phase shift between the time of loop nucleation and the time at which the mean strain is recorded. We show the existence of the solution of strain equation. We give an analytic approach of solution using Lambert functions. The stability is also investigated close to the stable solution using a linearization of the number of nucleated loops functions.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 10
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    The Good Life: A Holistic Approach to the Health of the Population (2006)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Description: The idea of a holistic approach towards public health planning presented itself through a food-related and trivial curiosity. It is, however, emphasized that food and nutrition are only one aspect of public health. The aim is to reintroduce a holistic approach to achieve sustainable public health with emphasis on the interpretation of the term “holistic”. Holistic decision making is not a new phenomenon and has historical basis. In line with shifts in social norms, decision making has evolved. In particular, various complex models for public health have been proposed to respond to ever-increasing health issues. The advancement in mathematical sciences and technology has led to the quantification of health models. However, mathematical representations pose a major limitation on the holistic approach. Due to its evolutionary nature, human health is dynamically related to social, environmental, and other processes. With the current knowledge, it is difficult to quantify the evolution and feedback effects in holistic models. In this paper, the individual's and public's health is viewed as a dynamic process, but not independent of other dynamic processes (e.g., agriculture, economy, politics) that are all part of a much bigger process. Furthermore, it is argued that it is not merely sufficient to account for all known factors to be holistic. In this paper, the holistic conceptual model is illustrated, using public health as the central issue. The application of the conceptual model is also discussed using two practical examples.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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