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  • Springer  (41)
  • Geological Society of America  (11)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine on lymphoproliferation and interleukin 2 immunoregulatory function (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 148-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The studies reported here suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) are associated, in part, with interference with interleukin 2 (IL-2) regulatory action. Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated DNA synthesis in murine splenocytes was inhibited from 18.6 to 44.1% at sub-toxic concentrations of UDMH (10 to 50 μg/ml) and IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis in CTLL-20 cells was inhibited from 11.3 to 41.58% at subtoxic concentrations of UDMH (10 to 50 μg/ml). In addition, UDMH suppressed phorbol myristic acetate (PMA)-stimulated IL-2 production in EL-4 cells by up to 30% and slightly suppressed IL-2 production by Con A-stimulated murine splenocytes. In all cases, inhibition was evident at sub-toxic UDMH concentrations and was demonstrated to be independent of inactivation of IL-2 or interference with IL-2 absorption. It is suggested that UDMH has the potential to modify immune function through interference with IL-2 production and especially the lymphoproliferative response to IL-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059824
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of MIP-AES as element specific detector for speciation analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 487-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An MIP-AES element specific detector has been directly coupled to an HPLC separation system by means of hydraulic high-pressure nebulization (HHPN) with an appropriate desolvation unit. This system was applied to Cr(III)/Cr(VI) speciation analysis. The linear dynamic range of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) determination was two orders of magnitude, absolute detection limits were 13 ng for Cr(III) and 18 ng for Cr (VI), respectively. The matrix effect caused by the easily ionizable elements (Na, Ca, K) was significant in real samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051230
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lindane on the predator-prey interaction between Hydra oligactis Pallas and Daphnia magna Strauss (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory tests were developed to allow identification of the effects of toxicants on the predator-prey interaction between Hydra oligactis Pallas and Daphnia magna Strauss. Three test methods, which differed with respect to initial Daphnia population, test period, and management of predation level, were used to determine the influence of the organochlorine insecticide lindane on the interaction. The criteria examined were the population structures of the two species. The lindane treatments did not alter the production of Hydra. However, the final population structure of Daphnia was variously affected by the toxicant in the different test systems. The most sensitive endpoint, with a lowest observed effect concentration of 4 μg/L lindane determined after a 14 day exposure period, was increased recruitment of juvenile Daphnia in a test system which incorporated management of the Hydra. The results are compared to previously reported data derived from single species chronic tests, and the suitability of the test methods for hazard evaluation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212492
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of isolated single cardiac cells from adult frog atrial tissue (1976)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 338-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated cardiac cells from bullforg atrial tissue can be readily prepared by digestion of intact fragments of atrial tissue with trypsin and collagenase. These isolated cells have dimensions of about 5 μm in width and range in length from 300 μm to over 500 μm. Such isolated cells may prove useful for the investigation of contractile activity of cardiac muscle at the single cell level and at the sarcomere level within the single cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological sensitization following inapparent infection with dengue virus type 3 in rhesus monkeys (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 330-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rhesus monkeys previously given dengue virus type 3, without apparent viremia or antibody response, exhibited a secondary-type response upon reinoculation. These data suggest that monkeys can be immunologically sensitized to dengue virus without detectable antibody production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002810
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically mediated cell-to-cell contractile activation in isolated frog atrial cardiac cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 1472-1474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A dying single frog atrial cardiac cell liberates an unknown substance which diffuses away from the dying cell and activates contractile activity in other isolated intact single cardiac cells within the vicinity of the dying cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01932361
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsatellite variation in simulated and natural founder populations of the Laysan finch (Telespiza cantans) (2000)
    Springer
    Conservation genetics 1 (2000), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9737
    Keywords: effective population size ; founder effect ; heterozygosity ; microsatellites ; simulation model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Historical and demographic data were used in a computer model tosimulate neutral genetic change in populations of the Laysanfinch (Telespiza cantans), an insular passerine bird that hasundergone documented founder events at Pearl and Hermes reef(PHR). Measures of genetic variation in the natural PHRpopulations generally matched those in the simulated populations,except that heterozygosity on Southeast Island was lower than themodel predicted, and the heterozygote excess in the naturalpopulations had a low probability of occurrence in the simulatedpopulations. The estimate of effective population size (N e) fromthe stochastic demographic model matched the estimate fromgenetic data for two populations, but the demographic estimatewas higher than the genetic estimate for Southeast Island. Smallfounder number was rejected as a possible explanation for thereduced genetic variation on Southeast. We suggest that N e wasoverestimated in part because we assumed seasonal variance inreproductive success. Additional variance components need to bemeasured in the field and incorporated into the model. Accounting for the heterozygote excess also requires furthertheoretical and field investigations. Possible explanations forthe excess include inbreeding depression, incest avoidance, andthe effect of polygyny on heterozygote excess in smallpopulations. We concluded that the Pearl and Hermes reefpopulation will continue to lose genetic variation at a highrate, and translocations from the native population on Laysan maybe required to maintain a viable population on the reef.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026530905410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Parenteral Emulsion for the Administration of Taxol (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 4 (1987), S. 162-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: taxol ; formulation ; water-soluble emulsion ; toxicity of triacetin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Taxol (NSC-125973) is a poorly soluble plant product that exhibits excellent antimitotic properties. This study involves the development of a new formulation for taxol. The stability of taxol in a 50% triacetin emulsion as well as possible methods of intravenous administration of this dosage form was examined. A stable emulsion was found at taxol concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/ml of emulsion. The 50% triacetin emulsion showed an intravenous LD50 of 1.2 ml/kg in Swiss-Webster mice. The 10 mg/ml taxol formulation was demonstrated to be stable upon addition to 5% dextrose iv fluids provided that small packing systems were used. The taxol–triacetin emulsion can also be intravenously injected at various rates, and it may prove to be a useful formulation for taxol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016483406511
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced Intestinal Absorption of Cyclosporine in Rats Through the Reduction of Emulsion Droplet Size (1989)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 6 (1989), S. 40-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: cyclosporine ; intestinal absorption ; emulsion dosage form
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The intestinal absorption of cyclosporine was measured in situ in rats using an olive oil emulsion prepared by either stirring or homogenization. The surface area of the homogenized dosage form was twice that of the stirred dosage form. The apparent permeability of cyclosporine from the homogenized emulsion was about twice that of the emulsion prepared by stirring. The examination of absorption in different intestinal segment lengths suggested the presence of an “absorption window.” The absorption of cyclosporine appeared to be concentration independent and, therefore, non-carrier mediated. The dependence of absorption upon the intestinal perfusion rate suggested that the stagnant aqueous layer is the rate-limiting barrier in cyclosporine absorption. These results indicate that the bioavailability of cyclosporine administered in an emulsion can possibly be increased by enhancing its rate of absorption through the reduction of droplet size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015843517762
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in transglutaminase and its extracellular products in response to an inflammatory stimulus by lipopolysaccharide (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 169 (1997), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: transglutaminase ; extracellular crosslinks ; lipopolysaccharide ; inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transglutaminase (TGase) activities were measured in rat tissues 1-7 days after intraperitoneal injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in the cells and media from pre-confluent human fibroblasts cultured for two days in the presence or absence of LPS. ε(γ-glutamyl)lysine and [3H]putrescine-labelled γ-glutamyl derivatives in extracellular and cellular fibroblast proteins were also measured. Three effects of LPS were observed. Firstly, total TGase activity is greater in the tissues from the LPS-injected animals, with the maximum increase occurring at 1 day in dermis, epidermis and liver, at 5 days in the aorta and, after a decrease at 2-5 days, at 7 days in the panniculus muscle. Secondly, the fraction of the total activity which is buffer-extractable is greater on days 1 and/or 2 in all the tissues from the LPS-injected rats. Thirdly, in cultures of human fibroblasts, LPS increases that fraction of bound [3H]putrescine and of TGase and its γ-glutamylamine products which occurs in the extracellular medium. In addition, a higher concentration of TGase-derived crosslinks was found in extracellular as opposed to intracellular proteins. In conjunction with previous findings in skin wound healing and in atherosclerosis these results support the concept of an extracellular function for tissue TGase and indicate that there is a widespread association of increases in TGase and its extracellular products with inflammation and the healing or fibrotic processes which follow it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006846400478
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