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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A regional comparison of retrograde PTt paths of high pressure metamorphic terrains in the Scandinavian Caledonides (Seve Nappe Complex (S.N.C.)) and the French Massif Central (F.M.C.) reveals the following similarities: physical conditions of eclogite formation are roughly identical (600–780°C / 13.5–16.5 Kb), dominantly isothermal decompression. However in detail two major differences have been recognized: 1- In the S.N.C., PT estimates of eclogite formation are constant within individual tectonic lenses but vary when different tectonic lenses are compared. During uplift these temperature differences are maintained and diminish only at the final stages of the uplift history; 2- In the F.M.C. the physical conditions of eclogite formation are relatively constant (700–750°C/15Kb) but discrepancies in temperature (〉 100°C) appear during the first stages of the uplift history if one compares eastern with western domains. A thermal analytical model allows to explain these facts. In the S.N.C. the initial temperature difference during eclogite formation is related to various depths of burial. In the F.M.C. diachronic nappe stacking occurs implying a more pronounced screen effect in western than in eastern domains of the F.M.C. This also accounts for the initial retrogression under low- to middle amphibolite facies conditions in the west and granulite facies conditions in the east. Moreover from radiometric and structural data, we can see that all the uplift history of the S.N.C. is assisted by tectonic processes, while in the F.M.C., after the nappe pile was constructed, the uplift history is essentially controlled by erosional and/or isostatic processes.
    Abstract: Résumé La comparaison des évolutions rétromorphiques PTt des nappes de haute pression des Calédonides Scandinaves (Complexe des Nappes de Seve — S.N.C.) et du Massif Central français (F.M.C.) révèle les similarités suivantes: les conditions intensives du métamorphisme éclogitique sont très voisines (600–780°C/13.5–16.5 Kbar), suivi globalement d'une décompression isotherme. Cependant en détail, des différences majeures ont été reconnues: 1- Dans le S.N.C., les estimations PT de la formation des éclogites sont constantes au sein d'une même unité, mais varient quand cellesci sont comparées. Pendant la remontée, ces différences sont maintenues et ne diminuent que lors des stades terminaux; 2- Dans le F.M.C., les conditions intensives du métamorphisme de haute pression sont relativement homogènes (700–750°C/15 Kbar), mais des différences de température (〉 100°C) apparaissent pendant les premiers stades de la remontée entre les domaines occidentaux et orientaux. Une modélisation thermique de type analytique permet d'expliquer ces faits. Dans le S.N.C., la différence initiale de température pendant la formation des éclogites est liée à des profondeurs d'enfouissement variées. Dans le F.M.C., il existe un diachronisme lors de la mise en place des nappes, impliquant un effet d'écran plus prononcé à l'ouest qu'à l'est. Il rend également compte de la rétromorphose des assemblages de haute pression dans les conditions du faciès amphibolite à l'ouest et du faciès granulite à l'est du F.M.C. De plus, à partir des données radiométriques et structurales, on constate que l'ensemble de l'histoire de la remontée du S.N.C. est assistée par des processus tectoniques, alors que dans le F.M.C., une fois la pile tectonique constituée, sa remontée est essentiellement contrôlée par les mécanismes de l'érosion et ceux de l'isostasie.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein regionaler Vergleich von PTt Pfaden von hochdruckbeanspruchten Gebieten in den skandinavischen Kaledoniden (Seve Nappe Complex (S.N.C.)) und dem französischen Zentralmassif (F.M.C.) zeigen folgende Ähnlichkeiten: Die physikalischen Bedingungen während der Eklogitbildung waren ungefähr identisch (600–780°C/ 13,5–16,5 kb), hauptsächlich isothermale Dekompression. Trotzdem werden zwei Hauptunterschiede beobachtet: 1- In den S.N.C. sind PT-Schätzungen der Eklogitbildung gleich in individuellen tektonischen Linsen; varriieren aber beim Vergleich verschiedener tektonischer Linsen. Während des Heraushebens wurden diese Temperaturunterschiede aufrechterhalten und verminderten sich nur in den letzten Stadien der Heraushebungsgeschichte. 2- In dem F.M.C. sind die physikalischen Bedingungen der Eklogitbildung relativ konstant (700–750°C/15 kb), aber es treten Temperaturdiskrepanzen (〉 100°C) während der ersten Heraushebungsstadien auf, wenn man die westlichen mit den östlichen Bereichen vergleicht. Ein thermales analytisches Modell erlaubt es diese Fakten zu erklären. In den S.N.C. ist die initiale Temperaturdifferenz während der Eklogitbildung mit verschiedenen Versenkungstiefen in Verbindung zu bringen. In dem F.M.C. erfolgte eine diachrone Deckenstapelung, dies bewirkte einen stärker betonten Abschirmeffekt in den westlichen Bereichen des F.M.C als in den östlichen. Der initiale Rückgang von niedriggradigen zu hochgradigen Amphibolitfaziesbedingungen im Westen und Granulitfaziesbedingungen im Osten legen hierüber Rechenschaft ab. Darüber hinaus können wir aus den radiometrischen und tektonischen Daten ersehen, daß die gesamte Hebungsgeschichte des S.N.C. von tektonischen Prozessen unterstützt wurde, während im F.M.C. die Hebungsgeschichte maßgeblich von erosiven und/oder isostatischen Prozessen kontrolliert wurde, nachdem die Dekkenstapelung beendet war.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The entire pile of nappes in the eastern margin of the Bohemian massif is characterized by two stages of Variscan nappe emplacement each exhibiting a different kinematic and metamorphic evolution. The older emplacement (D1) probably occurred around 350-340 Ma ago and was synmetamorphic. The nappes show a typical systematic superposition of higher grade metamorphic units over lower grade ones. Thus, the crystalline complexes showing a HT-MP Barrovian imprint (Svratka allochthonous unit and Moldanubicum) were thrust over an intermediate unit affected by MTMP recrystallization (Bíteš orthogneiss and its country rock), and at the base of the D1 nappe pile the Inner Phyllite Nappe (Biý Potok Unit) is characterized by LT/LP metamorphism. The second stage of tectonic evolution (D2) is characterized by a thin-skinned northward-oriented nappe emplacement that occurred under LT-LP conditions dated at 320-310 Ma. The whole nappe sequence formed during the first tectonometamorphic period (D1) was transported northward over the autochthonous »Deblín polymetamorphic and granitic complex« of Upper Proterozoic age and its Devonian sedimentary cover with very low metamorphism. During this second tectonic event the Brno granite massif (580 Ma) was only marginally incorporated in the Variscan nappe tectonics which resulted in kilometer-scale cover and basement duplexes. The tectonic evolution of the nappe pile ended with stage D3, represented by large- to medium-scale east-vergent folds with limited displacement.
    Abstract: Résumé L'empilement des nappes a la bordure orientale du Massif de Bohème est caractérisé par deux stades de mise en place présentant différentes évolutions cinématiques et métamorphiques. La tectonique majeure de mise en place des nappes crustales intervient lors d'un métamorphisme de type barrowien, calé autour de 350-340 Ma. L'empilement qui en résulte montre une superposition systématique d'unités à fort degré de métamorphisme sur des unités moins métamorphiques. Ainsi les complexes cristallins, montrant des reliques de métamorphisme de haute à moyenne pression-haute température (unités cristallines de Svratka et du Moldanubien), chevauchent une unité intermédiaire affectée par un métamorphisme de moyenne à basse pression-moyenne température (l'orthogneiss de Bíteš et son encaissant). A la base de cette pile édifiée durant la tectonique D1, l'unité des phyllites internes (unité de Bílý potok) est caractérisée par un métamorphisme de basse témperature-basse pression. Le second stade D2 de l'évolution tectonique est caractérisé par une tectonique pelliculaire à vergence nord datée à 320-310 Ma. L'empilement résultant de D1 est ainsi transporté vers le nord, au dessus du complexe autochtone d'âge protérozoïque supérieur (groupe de Deblín) et sa couverture sédimentaire dévonienne très faiblement métamorphisée. Le massif granitique de Brno (580 Ma) n'est que marginalement incorporé à cette tectonique de nappe varisque. Ceci se traduit par des duplex socle-couverture d'échelle plurikilométrique. L'évolution tectonique s'achève lors d'une troisième phase, marquée par de grands plis à vergence est. Le déplacement associé est alors d'amplitude limitée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Deckenbau am Ostrand der Böhmischen Masse erfolgte in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Stadien, die sich sowohl in ihrer Kinematik als auch in ihrer Metamorphoseentwicklung deutlich voneinander unterschieden. Die ältere Phase (D1 ca. 350-340 Ma) ist durch synmetamorphe Überschiebungen charakterisiert. Sie führt zu einer metamorphen Inversion der überschobenen Deckeneinheiten, so daß generell hohe metamorphe Einheiten schwach metamorphe tektonisch überlagern. Der Svratka Komplex und das Moldanubikum als hangendste Decken sind durch MP/HT Paragenesen vom Barrow-Typ gekennzeichnet. Beide Einheiten sind auf den MP/MT-metamorphen Biteš-Gneis und seine Rahmengesteine überschoben. Die Bílý potok Einheit als liegende Decke zeigt nur noch eine LP/ LT Regionalmetamorphose. Das jüngere Stadium (D2 ca. 320-310 Ma) ist durch eine Thin-skinned Tektonik mit nordvergentem Deckentransport unter LP/LT Bedingungen charakterisiert. Der gesamte, invers metamorphe D1-Deckenstapel wird dabei nach N über den autochtonen Deblín Komplex bzw. seine devonische Sedimenthülle überschoben. Das Brno Granit Massiv (580 Ma) wird nur randlich in diesen variszischen Deckenbau einbezogen. Die tektonische Entwicklung endet mit einem mittel bis großräumigen E-vergenten Faltenbau (D3 phase).
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Metasediments in the Tso Morari area (Ladakh, Himalaya) provide new insights into the Higher Himalayan metamorphism in the northwestern part of the Himalayan belt. Whole-rock analyses and petrologic observations show that the metasediments correspond to Fe-rich metapelites, Mg-rich metapelites, intermediate metapelites and metagreywackes of the Indian continental margin. Jadeite + chloritoid + paragonite + garnet in the Fe-rich metapelites indicate pressures of 20 ±2 kbar at temperatures of 550 ±50 °C according to major element partitioning thermobarometry, stability fields of minerals and Thermocalc P-T estimates. These results are consistent with P-T estimates on other metasediments and with the occurrence of eclogites. Subsequent retrogression at the eclogite-blueschist facies transition (from 18 to 13 kbar and 540 ±50 °C) was followed by an increase in temperature to 630 ±30 °C at amphibolite facies conditions. The metamorphic evolution is related to subduction of the Indian continental margin beneath the southern Asian margin at the onset of the Indian-Eurasian collision.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 16 (1988), S. 130-139 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A TEM investigation of amphibole development in granulitic metagabbros is presented. Three different sites of amphibole nucleation and growth are observed: (i) in the clinopyroxene-plagioclase interphase boundaries, corresponding to a reconstructive transformation involving intercrystalline diffusion; (ii) along pyroxene fractures, with competition between inter- and intracrystalline diffusion; (iii) within the pyroxene crystals, through a topotactic conversion, controlled by intracrystalline diffusion. These different reaction sites are studied in order to discuss some aspects of reaction mechanisms within undeformed metamorphic rocks, putting into balance intracrystalline versus intercrystalline processes. According to the possible paths (crystal lattice and its defects, fractures and mineral interfaces), contrasted amounts of reaction products, together with different amphibole compositions are evidenced. These results indicate that the diffusion rate of Al, Fe, Mg and OH is the rate controlling factor for amphibole-forming reaction.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Mineral separates of adularia have been extracted from three samples of highly silicified hydrothermal breccias, newly discovered in the active Bouillante geothermal field (Guadeloupe archipelago), and investigated by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology in order to constrain the timing of geothermal activity in this part of the active Lesser Antilles island arc. The inverse isochron diagram indicates an age of 248 ± 50 ka (2) for all adularia from one breccia sample ( n = 8), with an initial 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratio of atmospheric composition (309 ± 12 (2)) attesting that this age is valid. This age is concordant with the weighted mean age of 290 ± 40 ka for the same sample. Adularia from other samples yields concordant ages. The obtained 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages can be related either to the magmatic activity of the Bouillante Volcanic Chain ( c. 850–250 ka ago) or to the initiation of the volcanic activity of the active Grande Découverte–Soufrière system (200 ka ago–present day). Our results demonstrate that the Bouillante hydrothermal event is coeval with change in the volcanic pulses previously recognized in the magmatic history of the studied area. The possible duration calculated for this hydrothermal activity requires at least two superposed volcanic pulses to be developed.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-02-27
    Description: Synthesis of structural, petrological and geochronological data for the Maures–Tanneron Massif and its integration in the framework of adjacent massifs (i.e. Sardinia and Corsica) has allowed us to propose a new model of evolution for the southern Variscan belt. After Siluro-Devonian subduction associated with high-pressure–low-temperature (HP/LT) metamorphism M 0 ( c. 10–15 °C km –1 ) and subsequent Carboniferous nappes stacking, the belt underwent strong reworking related to back-thrusting. Nappes stacking and back-thrusting were associated with typical Barrovian metamorphism M 1 ( c. 20–30 °C km –1 ) starting at 360 Ma that progressively evolved to higher temperature metamorphisms M 2 ( c. 40–60 °C km –1 ) and M 3 ( c. 60–80 °C km –1 ) during 330–300 Ma in the internal part of the belt. Progressive increase of the thermal gradient is interpreted as a consequence of gravitational instabilities triggered in the partially molten orogenic root. Continuous compressive forces applied to the belt allowed vertical extrusion of the orogenic root in fold-dome structures. The mass transfer is accommodated by orogen-parallel transpressive shearing synchronous with M 3 during Late Carboniferous time. The orogenic wedge is characterized by two main tectono-metamorphic units decoupled by a major shear belt: an Internal Zone with migmatites and syntectonic granitoids, where HP relicts have been exhumed, and an External Zone that escaped the late HT event and preserved precious structures.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: Extract Hans Stille (1876–1966), probably the most influential European geologist of the first half of the twentieth century, defined four principal tectonic phases responsible for the formation of the Variscan Orogen in Europe (Stille 1920). The first, the Breton Phase, occurred during Late Devonian–early Carboniferous time and was followed by the most important orogenic deformation event, the Sudetic Phase, which took place during early–late Carboniferous time. The younger deformation phases were represented by the Asturian (late Carboniferous) and Saalian (post-Carboniferous–early Permian) folding events. This chronological scheme was based on a sequence of deformation events defined by folding of stratigraphically well-constrained sedimentary strata followed by angular unconformity. Such an approach allowed the definition, to a relatively high precision, of the temporal and spatial extents of distinct crustal-scale deformation events throughout the whole European Variscan belt. ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-04-11
    Description: In order to portray the main differences and similarities between the Northeastern Variscan segments (French Massif Central (FMC), Vosges, Black Forest and Bohemian Massif (BM)), we review their crustal-scale architectures, the specific rock associations and lithotectonic sequences, as well as the ages of the main magmatic and metamorphic events. This review demonstrates significant differences between the ‘Moldanubian’ domains in the BM and the FMC. On this basis we propose distinguishing between the Eastern and Western Moldanubian zones, while the Vosges/Black Forest Mountains are an intermediate section between the BM and the FMC. The observed differences are the result of, first, the presence in the French segment of an early large-scale accretionary system prior to the main Variscan collision and, second, the duration of Saxothuringian/Armorican subduction, which generated long-lived magmatic arc and back-arc systems in the Bohemian segment, while the magmatic activity in the FMC was comparably short-lived.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
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