ALBERT

Description: The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.

Description: These data are supplementary material to "3D Modelling of Vertical Gravity Gradients and the delimitation of tectonic boundaries: The Caribbean oceanic domain as a case study" (Gómez-García et al., 2019). This dataset contains information about the structure of the Caribbean oceanic crust, based on the modelling of the Vertical Gravity Gradients, which are gravity derivatives especially sensitive to density contrasts in the upper layers of the Earth.

Description: We present a 3-D lithospheric-scale model covering the area of Germany that images the regional structural configuration. The model comprises 31 lithostratigraphic units: seawater, 14 sedimentary units, 14 crystalline crustal units and 2 lithospheric mantle units. The corresponding surfaces are integrated from previous studies of the Central European Basin System, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin, together with published geological and geophysical data. The model is a result of a combined workflow consisting of 3-D structural, gravity and thermal modelling applied to derive the 3-D thermal configuration. The top surface elevations and thicknesses of corresponding layers of the 3-D-D model are provided as ASCII files, one for each individual layer of the model. The columns in each file are identical: the Easting is given in the “X COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the Northing is in the “Y COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the top surface elevation of each layer is given as "TOP (m.a.s.l)", the thickness of each layer is given as "THICKNESS (m)".

Description: Py4HIP is an open-source software tool for Heat-In-Place calculations implemented as a self-explanatory Jupyter notebook written in Python (Py4HIP.ipynb) Calculating the Heat In Place (HIP) is a standard method for assessing the geothermal potential for a defined geological unit (e.g., Nathenson, 1975; Muffler and Cataldi, 1978; Garg and Combs, 2015). The respective implementation in Py4HIP is based on a volumetric quantification of contained energy after Muffler and Cataldi (1978), where the geological unit at hand is considered spatially variable in terms of its temperature, thickness, porosity, density and volumetric heat capacity of its solid and fluid (brine) components. The energy values

Description: Petrophysical properties are key to populate numerical models of subsurface process simulations and for the interpretation of many geophysical exploration methods. They are characteristic for specific rock types and may vary considerably as a response to subsurface conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure). Hence, the quality of process simulations and geophysical data interpretation critically depend on the knowledge of in-situ physical properties that have been measured for a specific rock unit. Inquiries for rock property values for a specific site might become a very time-consuming challenge given that such data are (1) spread across diverse publications and compilations, (2) heterogeneous in quality and (3) continuously being acquired in different laboratories worldwide. One important quality factor for the usability of measured petrophysical properties is the availability of corresponding metadata such as the sample location, petrography, stratigraphy, or the measuring method, conditions and authorship. The open-access database presented here aims at providing easily accessible, peer-reviewed information on physical rock properties in one single compilation. As it has been developed within the scope of the EC funded project IMAGE (Integrated Methods for Advanced Geothermal Exploration, EU grant agreement No. 608553), the database mainly contains information relevant for geothermal exploration and reservoir characterization, namely hydraulic, thermophysical and mechanical properties and, in addition, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. The uniqueness of this database emerges from its coverage and metadata structure. Each measured value is complemented by the corresponding sample location, petrographic description, chronostratigraphic age and original citation. The original stratigraphic and petrographic descriptions are transferred to standardized catalogues following a hierarchical structure ensuring intercomparability for statistical analysis. In addition, information on the experimental set-up (methods) and the measurement conditions are given for quality control. Thus, rock properties can directly be related to in-situ conditions to derive specific parameters relevant for modelling the subsurface or interpreting geophysical data.

Description: The scripts and workflow are supplementary material to "3D Modelling of Vertical Gravity Gradients and the delimitation of tectonic boundaries: The Caribbean oceanic domain as a case study" (Gómez-García et al., 2019). The codes include the calculation of the VGG response of a 3D lithospheric model, in spherical coordinates, using the software Tesseroids (Uieda, 2016). The "Readme_Workflow_2019_002.pdf" file provide very detail information about the structure of this repository, as well as the step-by-step for the scripts execution, and the list of the requiered software for the correct workflow performance.

Description: We present a 3-D lithospheric-scale data-constrained structural model covering the area of North Patagonian Massif Plateau (NPM) and its surroundings. These data are supplementary material to “Lithospheric 3D gravity modelling using upper-mantle density constraints: Towards a characterization of the crustal configuration in the North Patagonian Massif area, Argentina” (Gómez Dacal et al. 2017). The North Patagonian Massif (NPM), in central Argentina, includes a plateau of an average altitude of 1200 m.a.s.l. mostly surrounded by basins that stand between 500 to 700 m below it. Geological observations and previous works indicate that the present-day elevation of the plateau was reached in the Paleogene by a sudden uplift that did not involve noticeable deformation. To gain insight into the causes of the uplift and the geodynamic development of the area, it is necessary to characterize the present-day configuration of the lithosphere.

Description: We provide a set of grid files that collectively allow recreating a 3D geological model which covers the Upper Rhine Graben and its adjacent tectonic domains, such as portions of the Swiss Alps, the Molasse Basin, the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains, the Rhenish Massif and the Lower Rhine Graben. The data publication is a complement to the publication of Freymark et al. (2017). Accordingly, the provided structural model consists of (i) 14 sedimentary and volcanic units; (ii) a crystalline crust composed of seven upper crustal units and a lower crustal unit; and (iii) two lithospheric mantle units. The files provided here include information on the regional variation of these geological units in terms of their depth and thickness, both attributes being allocated to regularly spaced grid nodes with horizontal spacing of 1 km. The model has originally been developed to obtain a basis for numerical simulations of heat transport, to calculate the lithospheric-scale conductive thermal field and assess the related geothermal potentials, in particular for the Upper Rhine Graben (a region especially well-suited for geothermal energy exploitation). Since such simulations require the subsurface variation of physical rock properties to be defined, the 3D model differentiates units of contrasting materials, i.e. rock types. On that account, a large number of geological and geophysical data have been analysed (see Related Work) and we shortly describe here how they have been integrated into a consistent 3D model (Methods). For further information on the data usage and the characteristics of the units (e.g., lithology, density, thermal properties), the reader is referred to the original article (Freymark et al., 2017). The contents and structure of the grid files provided herewith are described in the Technical Info section.

Description: This dataset provides the grid files which were used to generate the 3d structural model for Berlin, capital city of Germany. It covers a rectangular area around the political boundaries of Berlin. Geologically the region is located in the Northeast German Basin which is in turn part of the Central European Basin System. The data publication is a compliment to the publications Frick et al., (2019) and Haacke et al., (2019) and resolves 23 geological units. These can be separated into eight Cenozoic, eight Mesozoic and three Paleozoic units, the upper and lower crust as well as the lithospheric mantle. We present files which show the regional variation in depth and thickness of all units in the form of regularly spaced grids where the grid spacing is 100 m. This model was created as part of the ongoing project Geothermal potential Berlin which was also partly situated in Energy Systems 2050, both of whom look at the evaluation of the local thermal field and the closely related geothermal potential. These are obtained by simulating fluid- and heatflow in 3d with numerical models built based on the data presented here. These numerical models and simulations rely heavily on a precise representation of the subsurface distribution of rock properties which are in turn linked to the different geological units. Hence, we integrated all available geological and geophysical data (see related work) into a consistent 3D structural model and will describe shortly how this was carried out (Methods). For further information the reader is referred to Frick et al., (2016) and Frick et al., (2019).

Description: The southern Central Andes (SCA, 29°S-39°S) are characterized by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American Plate. One striking feature of this area is the change of the subduction angle of the Nazca Plate between 33°S and 35°S from the Chilean-Pampean flat-slab zone (〈 5° dip) in the north to a steeper sector in the south (~30° dip). Subduction geometry, tectonic deformation, and seismicity at this plate boundary are closely related to the lithospheric strength in the upper plate. Despite recent research focused on the compositional and thermal characteristics of the SCA lithosphere, the lithospheric strength distribution remains largely unknown. Here we calculated the long-term lithospheric strength on the basis of an existing 3D model describing the variation of thickness, density and temperature of geological units forming the lithosphere of the SCA. The model consists of a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen (i.e. magmatic arc, main orogenic wedge), the forearc and the foreland, and it extents down to 200 km depth.