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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 19 (2001), S. 153-161 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Selecting a mode for entering or expanding in a foreign market is a crucial strategic decision for an international firm. This article identifies and compares the most influential factors that affect the international modes of entry and expansion decisions of US and Japanese firms. Using mail surveys, this is one of the first studies on this subject to collect data from top executives in both Japan and the USA. Findings reveal that the Japanese are particularly sensitive to external risk and other target market factors. For Americans, company factors, such as international experience, appear to be most important when selecting modes of entry. Joint ventures may be more appropriate for internationally-experienced firms, than for inexperienced companies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - This cross-national study seeks to examine the service quality dimensions and advertising appeals conveyed in services advertisements in the USA and Korea. Design/methodology/approach - Using Hofstede's cultural dimensions as a basis for distinguishing cultures, this study explores the role of culture in services advertising strategy. Content analysis was used to examine services advertising in the USA and Korea. Findings - The results of a content analysis of over 400 magazine advertisements suggest that advertisers may be able to standardize services advertising in magazines by type of advertising appeal and on specific service quality dimensions. Research limitations/implications - As the service sector continues to grow, future research is needed to compare services advertising for different types of services and in other media. Experimental studies that explicitly examine what types of cues are effective with Korean consumers are needed. Practical implications - Implications for advertisers attempting to reach Korean consumers suggest that, in magazine advertising, rational appeals tend to be considerably more common than emotional appeals. Cues related to reliability and assurance also are used very frequently, suggesting that they may be well received by Korean consumers and thus that they should be used by many services advertisers. However, advertisers must consider the significance of what an Asian factor means for advertising strategy. Originality/value - This study contributes to the literature and provides insights to services providers and advertisers by comparing which advertising appeals and dimensions of service quality are conveyed in services advertising in Korea and the USA and by comparing the advertising strategies with cultural dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 17 (2000), S. 146-163 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While much prior research has focused on Japanese multi-national corporations' (MNCs) marketing strategies, little is known about the factors that influence Japanese MNCs' foreign market entry mode choice. In this study, a survey of Japanese MNCs is conducted in order to assess the factors that are the most influential in the foreign market entry decisions of Japanese MNCs. Using bargaining power theory, eight factors are identified in the study. The findings indicate that five of the eight factors (stake of the host country, need for local contribution, riskiness of the host country, resource commitment, and host government restrictions) are significant predictors of Japanese MNCs' entry mode choice and that bargaining power theory is of value in predicting the entry mode choices of Japanese MNCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 17 (2000), S. 287-304 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many nations have restrictions on advertising in certain product categories. This paper examines product category restrictions on advertising in four large East Asian markets: Japan, Taiwan, the People's Republic of China, and South Korea. Product categories included in this study include alcohol, cigarettes, ethical drugs, contraceptives, personal hygiene products and undergarments. The authors describe regulatory policy in these categories and use Albaum et al.'s framework for assessing environmental factors in advertising to assess the logic behind the regulation. A wide range of regulations is found across the four countries and it is concluded that a complex web of factors underlies the regulations. Implications for managers are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 22 (2005), S. 304-305 
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of efforts by some municipalities to place various restrictions on on-premise signs and to examine the impact of strict regulations on local communities. Design/methodology/approach - Provides examples of restrictive sign codes and reviews articles providing empirical evidence on public perceptions of signs as well as the impact of signs on businesses and communities. Findings - Excessive regulation of signs is counterproductive; contrary to the beliefs of proponents of harsh restrictions, signs are helpful to consumers and business, and they contribute to a community's economic vitality. Practical implications - In developing and implementing sign codes, municipalities should consider what research tells us about the value of on-premise signs. Members of the general public who have an interest in municipal affairs should consider research findings when forming opinions about the regulation of signs as opposed to relying on a limited number of individuals who may ignore the marketing functions of signs in developing and implementing sign codes. Originality/value - Demonstrates the importance of signage to consumers, businesses, and local communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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