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  • 1
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    Wind driven changes in the ocean carbon sink (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Description: We estimate the historical ocean carbon sink over 1871 to 2010 using an ocean biogeochemical model driven with observed wind forcing. We focus on the influence of wind and mesoscale eddy changes on the net surface CO2 flux, which are most significant after 1950. The observed wind changes act to reduce the annual ocean carbon sink by 0.009 to 0.023 Pg yr−1 decade−1 over 1950 to 2010, and are consistent with previous studies covering only the latter part of the 20th century. The response of the ocean circulation and the carbon cycle to wind changes is sensitive to the parameterization of mesoscale eddies in our coarse resolution simulations. With a variable eddy transfer coefficient, eddy activity in the Southern Ocean increases in response to intensifying historical winds, partially compensating for direct wind-driven circulation changes. Thus with a variable eddy transfer coefficient the response to wind changes is about 2.5 times smaller than when using a constant coefficient. Finally, we show by comparing six reanalyses over 1980 to 2010 that estimated historical wind trends differ significantly. Through simulations forced with these reanalysis winds we show that the influence of historical wind changes on ocean carbon uptake is highly uncertain and depends on the choice of surface wind forcing product.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
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    Climate and atmospheric drivers of historical terrestrial carbon uptake in the province of British Columbia, Canada (2013)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-16
    Description: The impacts of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on the terrestrial uptake of carbon dioxide since 1900 in the Canadian province of British Columbia are estimated using the process-based Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM). Model simulations show that these two factors yield a carbon uptake of around 44 g C m−2 yr−1, during the 1980s and 1990s, and continuing into 2000s, compared to pre-industrial conditions. The increased carbon uptake translates into an increased sink of 41 Tg C yr−1, when multiplied with the 944 700 km2 area of the province. About three-quarters of the simulated sink enhancement in our study is attributed to changing climate, and the rest is attributed to increase in CO2 concentration. The model response to changing climate and increasing CO2 is corroborated by comparing simulated stem wood growth rates with ground-based measurements from inventory plots in coastal British Columbia. The simulated sink is not an estimate of the net carbon balance because the effect of harvesting and insect disturbances is not considered.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
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    Climate and atmospheric drivers of historical terrestrial carbon uptake in the province of British Columbia, Canada (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-05
    Description: The impacts of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on the terrestrial uptake of carbon dioxide since 1860 in the Canadian province of British Columbia are estimated using the process-based Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM). Model simulations show that these two factors yield an enhanced carbon uptake of around 44 gC m−2 yr−1 (or equivalently 63 gC m−2 yr−1 over the province's forested area), during the 1980s and 1990s, and continuing into the 2000s. About three-quarters of the simulated sink enhancement in our study compared to pre-industrial conditions is attributed to changing climate, and the rest is attributed to increase in CO2 concentration. The model response to changing climate and increasing CO2 is corroborated by comparing simulated stem wood growth rates with ground-based measurements from inventory plots in coastal British Columbia. The simulated sink is not an estimate of the net carbon balance because the effects of harvesting, insect disturbances and land-use change are not considered.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
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    Wind-driven changes in the ocean carbon sink (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-13
    Description: We estimate changes in the historical ocean carbon sink and their uncertainty using an ocean biogeochemical model driven with wind forcing from six different reanalyses and using two different eddy parameterization schemes. First, we quantify wind-induced changes over the extended period from 1871 to 2010 using the 20th Century Reanalysis winds. Consistent with previous shorter-term studies, we find that the wind changes act to reduce the ocean carbon sink, but the wind-induced trends are subject to large uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty is the parameterization of mesoscale eddies in our coarse resolution simulations. Trends in the Southern Ocean residual meridional overturning circulation and the globally integrated surface carbon flux over 1950 to 2010 are about 2.5 times smaller when using a variable eddy transfer coefficient than when using a constant coefficient in this parameterization. A second major source of uncertainty arises from disagreement on historical wind trends. By comparing six reanalyses over 1980 to 2010, we show that there are statistically significant differences in estimated historical wind trends, which vary in both sign and magnitude amongst the products. Through simulations forced with these reanalysis winds, we show that the influence of historical wind changes on ocean carbon uptake is highly uncertain, and the resulting trends depend on the choice of surface wind product.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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