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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Lipase Isoenzymes from a Technical Aspergillus niger Enzyme (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A qualitative screening revealed the occurrence of lipase, esterase, protease, amylase, endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, xylanase, pectinmethylesterase, polygalacturonase, catalase, β-D-glucosidase and β-D-galactosidase activities in the technical Aspergillus niger enzyme under study (Lipase 2212 D, Röhm). The isolation and purification of lipolytic activities were performed by combination of DEAE-Trisacryl M ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G 50 gel filtration and hydrophobic chromatography using Phenylsepharose CL-4B. The individual purification steps were checked by specific enzyme visualization in ultrathin agar gels after ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing (UIEF). Two UIEF homogeneous lipase isoenzymes (I and II) were isolated and characterized by the following parameters: isoelectric points (I: 4.0; II. 3.5); molecular weights (I: 31000 daltons; II: 19000 daltons); carbohydrate contents (I: 6%; II: 9%) and compositions; pH optima (I, II: 5-6); substrate specificities and various effectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb10574.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fecundity of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) during the eu-and oligotrophication of Lake Constance (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: About 20 ovaries of the whitefish ‘Blaufelchen’ (Coregonus lavaretus L.) of Lake Constance (Bodensee) were collected annually from 1964-1991. Absolute and relative fecundity peaked in the early 1980s, lagging about 2 years behind the maximum of total-P in the water (during the circulation period). Out of the biological time-series of Lake Constance, whitefish fecundity is the only one known to follow the phosphorus curve, and this may be the first time-series documented case of parallel trend reversal in the trophic state of a lake and fish biology. It is concluded that fish fecundity serves, at best, as an unspecific monitor of the overall well-being of the fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00412.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crustal structure of the Lofoten continental margin, off northern Norway, from ocean-bottom seismographic studies (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In 1988, an extensive geophysical experiment was performed on the Lofoten passive continental margin, which was formed by the continental break-up between Greenland and northern Norway at 58 Ma. The geological units of the outer Lofoten margin are characterized by seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) and landward flood basalt, which extends up to 100 km landwards of SDRs. In this study, we obtain the P-wave velocity structure beneath the Lofoten Basin, the SDRs, and the landward flood basalt by use of ocean-bottom seismograph refraction profiling, and we also discuss the formation of the northern Norwegian passive continental margin.In the Lofoten Basin the crust is of oceanic type, consisting of sedimentary layers, oceanic laver 2 (4.9−5.5 km s−1), layer 3A (6.3−6.8 km s−1) and layer 3B (7.0−7.1 km s−1). Beneath the SDRs the crustal layers are identical to those of the Lofoten Basin, but the thickness of the lower crust, which represents the same velocity as layer 3B, increases to 5 km towards the continent side, and a high-velocity lower crustal layer (7.3 km s−1) is formed at the base of the crust. The ocean-continent transition zone is situated between the landward side of the SDRs and the northward continuation of the Vøring Plateau Escarpment. In this region the velocity of the lower crust gradually decreases and approaches the lower crustal velocity beneath the Lofoten Islands (6.8 km s−1). The model also indicates that the high-velocity layer disappears in this region. Comparing our model with the crustal structure on the Vøring margin, it is clear that the lower crustal body (≥7 km s−1) thickens southwards along the northern Norwegian continental margin. Recent results from petrological and geophysical studies of the generation of the oceanic crust have shown that increasing the temperature of the upwelling asthenospheric material increases the thickness of the oceanic crust. We interpret this as that the oceanic crust in the southern area in the Vøring-Lofoten margin was generated by hotter material than that of the northern area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06447.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of parvalbumin isotypes in adult snook and their potential applications as species-specific biomarkers (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The highly stable Ca2+ binding protein, parvalbumin, is prevalent in fish white muscle tissue. The properties of this protein make it a promising antigen for use as a specific biomarker for fish identification. Parvalbumin was purified from white muscle of an adult common snook Centropomus undecimalis using ammonium sulfate precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and anion-exchange HPLC. Parvalbumins were characterized by the presence of an 11-kDa band following gradient-SDS gel electrophoresis and by their immunoreactivity against mouse anti-parvalbumin antibodies. Anion-exchange chromatography of the parvalbumin fraction separated from the SEC column yielded nine fractions. Subsequent analysis of these fractions by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis led to a total of seven parvalbumin isotypes, which may lend themselves as biomarkers in fish identification. The presence of these seven parvalbumin isotypes was confirmed independently by reversed-phase HPLC. A dilution endpoint immunoassay was developed for C. undecimalis parvalbumin using a monoclonal antibody directed against its highly conserved calcium binding site. The utility of parvalbumin isotype distribution and specific monoclonal antibodies against fish parvalbumin in species identification is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01512.x
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  • 5
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    Influence of line mixing on the retrievals of atmospheric CO2 from spectra in the 1.6 and 2.1 μm regions (2009)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-01
    Description: We present the first study of the influence of line mixing among CO2 lines on the remote sensing retrieval of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This is done in the bands near 1.6 and 2.1 μm which will be used by the Greenhouse Gases Observatory Satellite (GOSAT) instrument and eventual successors of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO). A purely theoretical analysis is first made, based on simulations of atmospheric spectra. It shows that line mixing cannot be neglected since disregarding this process induces significant errors in the calculated absorption coefficients, leading to systematic structures in the spectral fit residuals and airmass-dependent biases in the retrieved CO2 amounts. These theoretical predictions are then confirmed by using atmospheric solar-absorption spectra measured by a ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer. It is first shown that including line mixing in the forward model used for the inversion leads to a very significant reduction of the residuals in the 2.1 μm region. Secondly, the inclusion of line mixing reduces the dependence of the retrieved CO2 on the airmass and greatly improves the consistency between values obtained independently from spectra in the 1.6 and 2.1 μm bands. These results open promising prospects for various ground-based and space-borne experiments monitoring the carbon dioxide atmospheric amounts.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Brief Communication: Trends in sea ice extent north of Svalbard and its impact on cold air outbreaks as observed in spring 2013 (2014)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Description: An analysis of SSM/I satellite data reveals that the Whaler's Bay Polynya north of Svalbard was considerably larger in the last three winters from 2012 to 2014 compared to the previous 20 years. This increased polynya size leads to strong atmospheric convection during cold air outbreaks in a region north of Svalbard that typically was ice covered in the last decades. The change in ice cover can strongly influence local temperature conditions. Dropsonde measurements from March 2013 show that the unusual ice conditions generate extreme convective boundary layer heights that are larger than the regional values reported in previous studies.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 7
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    Brief Communication: Trends in sea ice extent north of Svalbard and its impact on cold air outbreaks as observed in spring 2013 (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-25
    Description: An analysis of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite data reveals that the Whaler's Bay polynya north of Svalbard was considerably larger in the three winters from 2012 to 2014 compared to the previous 20 years. This increased polynya size leads to strong atmospheric convection during cold air outbreaks in a region north of Svalbard that was typically ice-covered in the last decades. The change in ice cover can strongly influence local temperature conditions. Dropsonde measurements from March 2013 show that the unusual ice conditions generate extreme convective boundary layer heights that are larger than the regional values reported in previous studies.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 8
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    Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental margins (2013)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-29
    Description: Past characterizations of the land–ocean continuum were constructed either from a continental perspective through an analysis of watershed river basin properties (COSCATs: COastal Segmentation and related CATchments) or from an oceanic perspective, through a regionalization of the proximal and distal continental margins (LMEs: large marine ecosystems). Here, we present a global-scale coastal segmentation, composed of three consistent levels, that includes the whole aquatic continuum with its riverine, estuarine and shelf sea components. Our work delineates comprehensive ensembles by harmonizing previous segmentations and typologies in order to retain the most important physical characteristics of both the land and shelf areas. The proposed multi-scale segmentation results in a distribution of global exorheic watersheds, estuaries and continental shelf seas among 45 major zones (MARCATS: MARgins and CATchments Segmentation) and 149 sub-units (COSCATs). Geographic and hydrologic parameters such as the surface area, volume and freshwater residence time are calculated for each coastal unit as well as different hypsometric profiles. Our analysis provides detailed insights into the distributions of coastal and continental shelf areas and how they connect with incoming riverine fluxes. The segmentation is also used to re-evaluate the global estuarine CO2 flux at the air–water interface combining global and regional average emission rates derived from local studies.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
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    Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental margins (2012)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-04
    Description: The complex coastline of the Earth is over 400 000 km long and about 40% of the world's population lives within 100 km of the sea. Past characterizations of the global coastline were constructed either from a continental perspective through an analysis of watershed river basin properties (COSCAT: Coastal Segmentation and related CATchments) or from an oceanic perspective, through a regionalization of the proximal and distal continental margins (LME: Large Marine Ecosystems). Here, we present a global-scale coastal segmentation, composed of three consistent levels, that includes the whole aquatic continuum with its riverine, estuarine and shelf sea components. Our work delineates comprehensive ensembles which retain the most important physical characteristics of both the land and shelf areas. The proposed multi-scale segmentation results in a distribution of global exorheic watersheds, estuaries and continental shelf seas among 45 major zones (MARCATS: MARgins and CATchments Segmentation) and 149 sub-units (COSCATS). Geographic and hydrologic parameters such as the surface area, volume and fresh water residence time are calculated for each coastal unit as well as different hypsometric profiles. Our analysis provides detailed insights into the distributions of coastal and continental shelf areas and how they connect with incoming riverine fluxes. These results can be used for regional analyses and combined with various typologies for upscaling and biogeochemical budgets. In addition, the three levels segmentation can be used for application in Earth System analysis.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-2116
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 10
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    Abrupt shifts of the Sahara–Sahel boundary during Heinrich stadials (2013)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-29
    Description: Relict dune fields that are found as far south as 14° N in the modern-day African Sahel are testament to equatorward expansions of the Sahara desert during the Late Pleistocene. However, the discontinuous nature of dune records means that abrupt millennial-timescale climate events are not always resolved. High-resolution marine core studies have identified Heinrich stadials as the dustiest periods of the last glacial in West Africa although the spatial evolution of dust export on millennial timescales has so far not been investigated. We use the major-element composition of four high-resolution marine sediment cores to reconstruct the spatial extent of Saharan-dust versus river-sediment input to the continental margin from West Africa over the last 60 ka. This allows us to map the position of the sediment composition corresponding to the Sahara–Sahel boundary. Our records indicate that the Sahara–Sahel boundary reached its most southerly position (13° N) during Heinrich stadials and hence suggest that these were the periods when the sand dunes formed at 14° N on the continent. Heinrich stadials are associated with cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures which appear to have triggered abrupt increases of aridity and wind strength in the Sahel. Our study illustrates the influence of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the position of the Sahara–Sahel boundary and on global atmospheric dust loading.
    Print ISSN: 1814-9324
    Electronic ISSN: 1814-9332
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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