Publication Date:
2005-07-01
Description:
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) transport nitrogen (N) from oceans to inland ecosystems. Salmon δ15N is higher than δ15N expected in terrestrial plants, so linear two-source mixing models have commonly been used to quantify contributions of marine-derived N (MDN) to riparian ecosystems based on riparian plant δ15N. However, isotopic fractionation potentially contributes to error in MDN estimates by changing δ15N of salmon-derived N appearing in soil and plants. We used a simulation model to examine potential effects of fractionation on MDN estimates. We also measured changes in δ15N and δ13C as N and carbon (C) moved from bear feces into soil, and compared MDN estimates using three different estimates for the marine endmember of a linear mixing model. Simulation demonstrated that fractionation during soil N losses could lead to large overestimations of MDN when δ15N of salmon tissue is used as the marine endmember. δ15N of bear feces was significantly enriched (by 1.9) relative to salmon tissue, but did not change during movement of feces-derived N into soil. In contrast, δ13C decreased by 1.9 between salmon and bear feces and declined an additional 4.2 during movement into soil. We propose a new method for estimating the δ15N of the marine endmember that accounts for isotope fractionation occurring as marine N is cycled in soil. This method uses the proportional difference in soil 15N content between reference and spawning sites to calculate the marine endmember δ15N.
Print ISSN:
0045-5067
Electronic ISSN:
1208-6037
Topics:
Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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