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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Career development international 3 (1998), S. 220-226 
    ISSN: 1362-0436
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years there has been a revolutionary approach in business, governments and industry due to advances in computer technology and efficient statistical methods. This paper examines and offers practical suggestions for those in human resource improvement in output quality and the workplace atmosphere in light of Deming's principles of human resource management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 20 (2005), S. 198-207 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The focus of this paper is to develop an econometric model that measures the changes in GDP for the OIC states. Design/methodology/approach - This paper focuses on the development of an econometric model which measures the changes of gross domestic product (GDP) for the members of Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) countries. In particular, we analyze the growth of GDP in the OIC countries and their implications for expanded marketing opportunities for goods and services. We also discuss some challenges the marketers may face in future if the formation of OIC countries block become an economic identity and set up some sort of confederation. Findings - The problem of multi-collinearity needs to be solved if the model is not going to change. Originality/value - The recommended solution is to acquire more data on the countries that were absent from the original sample. This may be hard to obtain due to some countries not having a process for collecting accurate statistics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 19 (2004), S. 790-795 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recently, Bhatti and Khan considered various functional forms to see their suitability in terms of efficiency and competency in assessing production process based on agricultural data. This paper reviews some models recently used in the literature and selects the most suitable one for measuring the production process of 21 major manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. In particular, the paper estimates and tests the coefficients of the production inputs for each of the selected manufacturing industries using Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics annual data over the period 1982-1983 through 1991-1992.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Clinical governance 9 (2004), S. 253-255 
    ISSN: 1477-7274
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: Aims to assess the benefits of using a mnemonic to structure the care given during episodes of shoulder dystocia, an obstetric emergency that has important sequelae for the mother and infant. A retrospective case-notes-based study was carried out to describe practice prior to the introduction of the mnemonic. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the use of a mnemonic in practice, and whether this had an effect on foetal morbidity. Prior to the introduction of the mnemonic and structured documentation, care was delivered in an unstructured and in a non-evidence-based manner in 35 per cent of patients; documentation was incomplete in 68 per cent of cases. There was a 5 per cent incidence of injury to the infant. Following the introduction of a mnemonic, the use of evidence-based manoeuvres increased to 100 per cent, and care was delivered in a structured manner and there were no recorded injuries to infants. The management of shoulder dystocia has been made safer and more controlled by using a mnemonic to describe an evidence-based pathway. It has facilitated a multi-disciplinary team-based approach to the management of this obstetric emergency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1998-02-01
    Description: A steady-state mass balance model (ForSust), developed to simulate potentially sustainable levels of tree biomass growth and related nutrient uptake dynamics, was applied to 17 jack pine sites across Canada. The model simulates potential tree biomass growth based on nutrient inputs from estimated atmospheric deposition (N, Ca, Mg, K) and soil weathering (Ca, Mg, K), and matches the resulting nutrient supply rates with calculated nutrient demand. Nutrient demand calculations are based on nutrient concentrations in wood, bark, branches, and foliage. Specifically, the model simulates sustainable annual increment (SAI) of biomass growth for stem-only and whole-tree (aboveground biomass) harvesting, and for recurring forest fire conditions. Calculated SAI levels were compared with field-estimated mean annual increments for aboveground forest biomass (MAI). For recurring forest fires, it was found that SAI values, as simulated, corresponded with the MAI field estimates in general. For whole-tree harvesting, SAI was lower than MAI for most but not all sites. For stem-only harvesting, SAI corresponded with MAI, but there was a greater scatter between SAI and MAI values than what appeared to be the case for the recurring forest fire scenario. Key words: Jack pine; whole-tree, stem-only harvesting; steady-state mass balance; forest biomass; N, Ca, Mg, K growth limitations; atmospheric deposition
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Description: Sustainability of forest ecosystems and climate change are two critical issues for boreal forest ecosystems in Canada that require an understanding of the links and balance between productivity, soil processes and their interaction with natural and anth ropogenic disturbances. Forest ecosystem models can be used to understand and predict boreal forest ecosystem dynamics. EFIMOD 2 is an individual tree model of the forest-soil ecosystem capable of modelling nitrogen feedback to productivity in response to changes in soil moisture and temperature. It has been successfully applied in Europe, but has not been calibrated for any forest ecosystem in Canada. The objective of this study was to parameterize and validate EFIMOD 2 for jack pine in Canada. Simulated and measured results agreed for changes in tree biomass carbon and soil carbon and nitrogen with increasing stand age and across a climatic gradient from the southern to northern limits of the boreal forest. Preliminary results from scenario testing indicate that EFIMOD 2 can be successfully applied to predict the impacts of forest management practices and climate change in the absence of natural disturbances on jack pine in the boreal forest of Canada. Model development is underway to represent the effects of natural disturbances. Key words: EFIMOD 2, forest soil, carbon, nitrogen, model, jack pine
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Description: Forested peatlands store significant amounts of soil carbon (C) compared with upland forests and are strongly influenced by climatic parameters. Carbon stocks at peatland margins, although likely to be most sensitive to changes in climate, have not been well quantified, making it difficult to predict their response to climate change. The purpose of this study was to characterize the physical environment and associated changes in C stocks across the forested margins of two boreal fens. Peat depth increased and water table depth decreased toward the peatland centre, and these parameters acted as the controlling environmental variables. Above-ground biomass C was primarily derived from tree biomass and decreased from upland to peatland, despite an opposite trend in understorey (herbaceous and shrubby) biomass stocks. Leaf area index was related to peat depth through a negative power function and increased linearly with above-ground tree biomass. Total ecosystem C increased from upland to peatland, with minimum and maximum values of 270 and 2100 Mg C ha-1, respectively, and was largely dominated by soil C stocks, even at the upland end of the gradient. Although numerous small trees toward the peatland interior might allow a rapid increase in tree biomass C with lowering water tables, it seems likely that this would be a limited response, overshadowed in the long term by declines in the more substantial soil C stocks. Key words: Peatlands, carbon stocks, biomass, soil, leaf area index, peat depth
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-02-01
    Description: Vertical distribution of fine root biomass and nutrient content was examined within a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand growing on a boreal peat soil in northeastern Ontario. The influence of site physical and chemical properties on fine root biomass production was assessed. More then 80% of the fine roots were present in moss plus the top 10 cm of peat where nutrients and aeration are most favourable. The fine root biomass (W/V) was significantly higher with alder (5.9 kg m−3) (Alnus rugosa) as understory vegetation compared to non-alder locations (2.9 kg m−3). Total nutrient content in fine roots was 54, 3.2, 5.4, 63 and 5.7 kg ha−1 on the alder site and 20, 1.4, 2.3, 28 and 4.2 kg ha−1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg on the non-alder site, respectively. The mass (W/V) of nutrients in fine roots was strongly dependent upon the availability of nutrients in the peat. Fine root content had a strong positive relationship with peat available P and exchangeable K contents suggesting that P and K may be limiting nutrients for black spruce in this peat soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boreal peatlands, aeration, water table
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: An insight into sulphate (SO42−) retention by podzolic and brunisolic soils was obtained by examining SO42− sorption by B horizons from forest soils in northeastern Ontario. The amount of water soluble and adsorbed SO42− present in the soils and the ability to adsorb additional SO42− was evaluated. Relationships between soil pH, organic carbon and different iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) fractions with water soluble and adsorbed SO42− were examined. Using a surface complexation approach, modelling was carried out to predict the soil SO42− sorption capacity at any given pH. The potential SO42– adsorption capacity was also measured by applying adsorption equations. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms gave comparative fits to the SO42− adsorption data. The soils contained small amounts of water extractable SO42− (0.1 to 0.8 mmole kg–1). There was a significant positive correlation between water extractable SO42− and organic carbon in the podzolic soils but not for the brunisolic soils. Approximately 90% of the sulphate extracted was contained in the insoluble SO42− fraction. Sulphate sorption by both soil types was most closely related to amorphous inorganic Al. In brunisolic soils, total adsorbed SO42– also had a strong positive correlation with the oxalate extractable silica fraction and a negative correlation with pH. Sulphate adsorption simulations were close to the measured values. Key words: Soluble SO42−, adsorbed SO42−, Podzol, Brunisol, amorphous Al oxide, SO42− adsorption model
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Description: Carbon density is a key variable in assessments of local or regional soil carbon (C) stocks, but its direct measurement on large numbers of samples is both time-consuming and expensive. To assess whether the C density of organic soils can be inferred from other parameters, we examined the ability of field- (stratigraphic depth and material type) and lab- (bulk density and ash content) based variables to predict the C density of organic soil samples. Candidate models given three different levels of a priori information about samples were developed from data for continental western Canada and examined using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). Models at each level were then used to predict profile-level C storage in cores from three different regions (continental western Canada, Ontario, and the Northwest Territories). In profiles from western Canada, predictions were unbiased, with mean prediction errors of 0–7% and local precision depending on the amount of a priori information available. Application of models to other regions yielded mixed results, probably reflecting both differences in site characteristics and classification/analytical methods used. Since these error sources are impossible to separate given available data, we recommend that models for C density prediction should be tailored to a given research question and region. The results suggest that simple, field-based variables are sufficient to predict C density for the purpose of regional surveys. To obtain accurate estimates at the profile level, bulk density (and ash or C content) have to be measured in the lab. Key words: Soil (organic), carbon density, bulk density, ash, organic matter, models (predictive)
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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