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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-09-01
    Description: Relations between climate change and landscape evolution during the last two millennia in southeastern coastal Tunisia have been documented using high-resolution reconstruction of flood history and fire activity in the Sebkha Mhabeul core. The age model, based on tephrochronology, indicates that the core extends from Roman to modern times and encompasses the well-defined climatic periods of the last two millennia. This record provides a first palaeoecological/palaeoclimatic high resolution reconstruction in North Africa using a cross-disciplinary approach with both physical (grey-scale intensity, quartz particles) and biological (charcoal and pollen) indicators. The flood history shows four wet/dry cycles (ca. AD 550–950, 950–1300, 1300–1570 and 1570–1870) of different duration. Major hydrological instabilities are concentrated during the Medieval Climate Anomalies and the early Little Ice Age, between AD 1000 and 1550. Direct correlation between climate and fire cannot be established suggesting that the fire history of the Sebkha environment is mainly influenced by human activity. This study demonstrates the great value of sebkhas as palaeoenvironmental archives.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2000-01-01
    Description: Total DNA was extracted and purified from luminal digesta samples (1 g) of 14-week-old (c. 43 kg bodyweight) pigs. Digoxigenin (DIG) labelled PCR products of the beta toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens type C were generated with DIG-11-UTP and chemoluminescent signals of DIG-labelled PCR products were detected on slot blots and recorded with a sensitive charge coupled densitometric camera. Detection limit and correlation of chemoluminescent signals to initial target DNA concentration were evaluated. Detection of the beta toxin gene could be achieved with 100 ag C. perfringens DNA in the presence of 1 μg unspecific DNA. The semiquantitative DIG-PCR assay was used to evaluate the relative abundance of the beta toxin gene of C. perfringens type C in purified DNA extracts from intestinal samples of pigs, which were fed a wheat/barley diet (controls), supplemented with the antibiotic avilamycin (40 mg/kg feed), a xylanase (4000 U/kg feed) or a combination of both feed additives. The antibiotic treatment significantly reduced the amount of PCR product in ileal and colon DNA extracts. Xylanase supplementation significantly reduced the amount of PCR product in colon samples, but led to an increase in jejunal samples. From the results it is concluded, that the antibiotic inhibited growth of C. perfringens type C in the ileum and colon of pigs. The semiquantitative DIG-PCR assay can be used to sensitively monitor the relative abundance of specific pathogens in the intestinal tract.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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