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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diclofenac versus dipyrone in acute renal colic: A double-blind controlled trial (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diclofenac ; dipyrone ; renal colic ; pain score ; vital signs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 50 patients was done to compare the efficacy and tolerance of single doses of intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg and dipyrone 2 g in acute renal colic. Both drugs were equally effective, but diclofenac was better in terms of complete relief of pain. Vital signs were affected according to the stress and pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544249
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Atacama desert's last nitrate cities (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Architectural research quarterly 4 (2000), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-1355
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Oficinas saliteras (nitrate works) were company towns developed to extract and process nitrates in the Antofagasta region of Chile's Atacama desert, one of the world's harshest environments. The two last of these oficinas were María Elena (founded in 1925) and Pedro de Valdivia (1931), whose development marked the introduction of the Guggenheim industrial system. Their urban design was closely related to the industrial cities of Europe and the United States, as well as the Spanish urban tradition. María Elena used an octagonal street plan, while Pedro de Valdivia is based on a crossing pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1359135500000427
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal Overgrowth of Bone After Osteotomy in Young Rats: Influence of Bone Stability (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 391 -393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone growth — Fractures — Osteotomy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. One hundred and five 5-week-old male rats were used to study the influence of the stability of an osteotomy on longitudinal overgrowth of the bone. In 45 rats (Group 1) a transverse diaphyseal osteotomy of the right tibia was made; the left tibia was left untreated. In the second 45 rats (Group 2) the right tibia was osteotomized after applying an external fixator; the left tibia underwent a sham operation without osteotomy. Fifteen further rats (Group 3) were used as a nonoperated control group. After being measured at different periods up to 20 weeks, the osteotomized tibiae of the Group 1 (unstable) were 16–25% longer than those of their nontreated limbs (P 〈 0.001). The osteotomized tibiae of the Group 2 (stable) were 6–11% longer than those of the sham-operated opposite limbs (P 〈 0.001). The osteotomized and unstable tibiae were 9–17% longer than the osteotomized and stable tibiae (P 〈 0.001) throughout the whole study. Although several factors have been considered to be responsible for longitudinal bone overgrowth after fracture in young animals, this work suggests that bone's stability plays a decisive role in the final outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900249
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Skeletal Site of Origin and Donor Age on Osteoblastic Cell Growth and Differentiation (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 280-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Human osteoblastic cells — Skeletal site — Aging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone loss with aging may be due, at least in part, to inadequate bone formation. Moreover, the process of bone aging is known to follow a different pattern throughout the skeleton. In this study, we examined the cell proliferation rate (area under the cell growth curve, AUC) and the secretion of C-terminal type I procollagen (PICP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) in primary cultures of osteoblastic cells from human trabecular bone. Osteoblastic cells were obtained for 168 donors (100 women and 68 men). Ninety-eight bone samples were obtained from subjects undergoing knee arthroplastia, 52 aged 50–70 years (64 ± 5) and 46 over age 70 (73 ± 2). Another 70 bone samples were obtained from subjects undergoing hip arthroplastia; 51 were 50–70 years old (64 ± 4) and 19 were over 70 (75 ± 5). Osteoblastic cells from the older donors had a lower proliferation rate and OC secretion than those from younger subjects. However, ALP secretion was higher in the former subjects, whereas PICP secretion was unchanged. Osteoblastic cells from hip had a lower proliferation rate than those from knee. PICP secretion was also lower and ALP secretion was higher in the former cells. In age-matched cell cultures, osteoblastic cells from the knee had higher proliferation rate and PICP secretion than osteoblastic cells from the hip. However, ALP secretion was lower in knee osteoblastic cells than those from hip only in the younger group. With aging, ALP secretion was found to increase in knee osteoblactic cells, whereas OC secretion decreased in osteoblastic cell cultures from the hip. Our findings suggest that bone loss with aging may be accounted for, at least in part, by a decreased osteoblastic cell proliferation and an increased osteoblastic maturation. In addition, our data indicate that these changes with aging do not occur similarly at different skeletal sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900619
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision avoidance and resolution multiple access (CARMA) (1998)
    Springer
    Cluster computing 1 (1998), S. 197-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7543
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The collision avoidance and resolution multiple access (CARMA) protocol is presented and analyzed. CARMA uses a collision avoidance handshake in which the sender and receiver exchange a request to send (RTS) and a clear to send (CTS) before the sender transmits any data. CARMA is based on carrier sensing, together with collision resolution based on a deterministic tree-splitting algorithm. For analytical purposes, an upper bound is derived for the average number of steps required to resolve collisions of RTSs using the tree-splitting algorithm. This bound is then applied to the computation of the average channel utilization in a fully connected network with a large number of stations. Under light-load conditions, CARMA achieves the same average throughput as multiple access protocols based on RTS/CTS exchange and carrier sensing. It is also shown that, as the arrival rate of RTSs increases, the throughput achieved by CARMA is close to the maximum throughput that any protocol based on collision avoidance (i.e., RTS/CTS exchange) can achieve if the control packets used to acquire the floor are much smaller than the data packet trains sent by the stations. Simulation results validate the simplifying approximations made in the analytical model. Our analysis results indicate that collision resolution makes floor acquisition multiple access much more effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019089616850
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase activity from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 673-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase –Helianthus (seed formation) – Lipid biosynthesis – Mutant (sunflower) – Palmitic acid mutant – Seed formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. During sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed formation there was an active period of lipid biosynthesis between 12 and 28 days after flowering (DAF). The maximum in-vitro acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase activities (EC 3.1.2.14) were found at 15 DAF, preceding the largest accumulation of lipid in the seed. Data from the apparent kinetic parameters, V max and K m, from seeds of 15 and 30 DAF, showed that changes in acyl-ACP thioesterase activity are not only quantitative, but also qualitative, since, although the preferred substrate was always oleoyl-ACP, the affinity for palmitoyl-ACP decreased, whereas that for stearoyl-ACP increased with seed maturation. Bisubstrate assays carried out at 30 DAF seemed to indicate that the total activity found in mature seeds is due to a single enzyme with 100/75/15 affinity for oleoyl-ACP/stearoyl-ACP/palmitoyl-ACP. In contrast, at 15 DAF, enzymatic data together with partial sequences from cDNAs indicated the presence of at least two enzymes with different properties, a FatA-like thioesterase, with a high affinity for oleoyl-ACP, plus a FatB-like enzyme, with preference for long-chain saturated fatty acids, both being expressed during the active lipid biosynthesis period. Competition assays carried out with CAS-5, a mutant with a higher content of palmitic acid in the seed oil, indicated that a modified FatA-type thioesterase is involved in the mutant phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000332
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oleate from triacylglycerols is desaturated in cold-induced developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 193 (1994), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Helianthus ; Microsome ; Oil body ; Oleate desaturation ; Seed (fatty acids) ; Triacylglycerol metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract For the first time, an active fatty-acid metabolism is indicated for triacylglycerols (TAG) of developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. When the developing seeds were transferred to low temperature, the total amount of oleate found in TAG decreased as that of linoleate increased, while the contents of total lipids and TAG remained unchanged. These results suggest that oleate from TAG was used for desaturation. This occurred first in microsomal TAG, but after a long cold period it was observed mainly in the oil-body fraction. Thesn-2 position of TAG was preferentially enriched in linoleate. Apparently, more linoleate than necesary for the maintenance of membrane fluidity was synthesized at the expense of TAG oleate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411550
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic characterisation of high-palmitic acid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutants (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 207 (1999), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase ; Fatty acid synthetase II ; Helianthus (seed) ; β-keto-acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase II ; Mutant fatty acid ; Palmitic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Two high-palmitic acid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutants, CAS-5 and CAS-12, have been biochemically characterised. The enzymatic activities found to be responsible for the mutant characteristics are β-keto-acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase II (KASII; EC 2.3.1.41) and acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14). Our data suggest that the high-palmitic acid phenotype observed in both mutant lines is due to the combined effect of a lower KASII activity and a higher thioesterase activity with respect to palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (16:0-ACP). The level of the latter enzyme appeared to be insufficient to hydrolyse the produced 16:0-ACP completely. As a consequence of this, three new fatty acids appear: palmitoleic acid (16:1 Δ9), asclepic acid (18:1 Δ11), and palmitolinoleic acid (16:2 Δ9 Δ12). These fatty acids should be synthesised from palmitoyl-ACP or a derivative by the action of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase, fatty acid synthetase II and oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050514
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature regulation of oleate desaturase in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 186 (1992), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Helianthus ; Oleate desaturase ; Fatty acid unsaturation ; Membrane fatty acids ; Seed (fatty acids)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of temperature on oleate desaturation in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds has been examined. When seeds from plants grown at low (20/10° C, day/night) temperature were transferred for 24 h to 10° C, an increase in the linoleate/oleate ratio in phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol was observed, but not when transfer was to 20 or 30° C. The same effect was observed in triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the newly synthesized lipids after in-vivo incubation with [1-14C]oleate at 10° C. The microsomal oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase (ODS) activity of the seeds maintained at 10† C was also enhanced. The stimulation was observed after only 3 h in plants grown at high temperature (30/20° C). This effect was inhibited by cycloheximide, implying that the low-temperature stimulation of the ODS activity was caused by the synthesis of new enzyme. As a consequence, seeds from plants grown at low temperature had higher ODS activities and linoleate contents than those grown at high temperature. The microsomal ODS activity of seeds from plants grown at low temperature was dependent on incubation temperature and showed a maximum at 20° C. By contrast, this activity was almost temperature-insensitive in seeds from plants grown at high temperature. These results could explain how temperature regulates the fatty-acid composition in sunflower-seed lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195328
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oleate desaturation and acyl turnover in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed lipids during rapid temperature adaptation (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 205 (1998), S. 595-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Helianthus (seed) ; Microsome ; Oil body ; Oleate desaturase ; Temperature adaptation ; Triacylglycerol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In-vivo experiments with developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds demonstrated that oleate desaturase activity was stimulated by low temperature (10 °C), repressed by high temperature (30 °C) and rapidly restored by returning the seeds to low temperature. Within time periods of 2–4 h, in which the de-novo fatty acid synthesis was negligible, the percentages of oleate (18:1) and linoleate (18:2) were modified in the seed lipids as a consequence of temperature adaptation. When the seeds were transferred to low temperature, the 18:2 content increased in all lipids from both microsomal membranes and oil bodies. After shifting to high temperature, the overall 18:2 content remained constant, but the 18:2 content decreased in diacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and other polar lipids of the two fractions and also in triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the microsomes but increased in TAGs of the oil bodies. The results indicate that the mechanism for the rapid adaptation of sunflower seeds to temperature changes involves (i) the synthesis or activation of oleate desaturase at low temperature and the reversible inhibition of this enzyme at high temperature and (ii) the exchange of 18:1 and 18:2 between TAGs and PC. Under both low and high temperature, 18:1 is transferred from reserve TAGs to PC and 18:2 is transferred from PC to reserve TAGs. At low temperature, 18:1 is desaturated to 18:2 thus allowing the enrichment of membrane lipids with 18:2, the excess being stored in reserve TAGs. At high temperature, however, and provided that oleate desaturase is repressed, the membrane lipids become enriched in 18:1 and the oil-body TAGs become enriched in 18:2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050361
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