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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Coda waves, coda-Q−1, attenuation, scattering, Venezuela, Caribbean.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Northeastern Venezuela has been studied in terms of coda wave attenuation using seismograms from local earthquakes recorded by a temporary short-period seismic network. The studied area has been separated into two subregions in order to investigate lateral variations in the attenuation parameters. Coda-Q −1 (Q c −1) has been obtained using the single-scattering theory. The contribution of the intrinsic absorption (Q i −1) and scattering (Q s −1) to total attenuation (Q t −1) has been estimated by means of a multiple lapse time window method, based on the hypothesis of multiple isotropic scattering with uniform distribution of scatterers. Results show significant spatial variations of attenuation the estimates for intermediate depth events and for shallow events present major differences. This fact may be related to different tectonic characteristics that may be due to the presence of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, because the intermediate depth seismic zone may be coincident with the southern continuation of the subducting slab under the arc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with recovery of potential gradient (∇u) in the resolution of the two-dimensional Laplace equation by boundary element method. The emphasis is placed on ∇u-recovery near and on the boundary, where error behaviour and convergence rate are studied in detail. Conventional hypersingular (HS) and strongly singular (SS) boundary integral representations (BIRs) of ∇u are compared with two recovery procedures recently introduced by Mantič, Graciani and París, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg (1999) 178, pp. 267–289: DSC – a local smoothing procedure, and SSC - applying SS BIR with the integral density obtained previously from DSC. The theoretical analysis of error of ∇u recovered by ∇u-BIRs presented is supported by numerical examples. The numerical study of convergence carried out using an h-refinement of (quasi)uniform meshes of linear boundary elements shows a slow convergence rate, O(h) or less, of HS and SS BIRs in comparison with superconvergence rate O(h 2) of DSC (only on the boundary) and SSC near the boundary and at element centres and junctions between elements. A slow convergence rate is obtained by all approximations at boundary corners, SSC clearly providing the most accurate results. Superconvergent results of HS and SS BIRs are only obtained in a particular case of evaluation of tangential derivative of potential on a straight part of the boundary.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 83 (1997), S. 67-90 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: linear elasticity ; orthotropic materials ; stress singularities ; notches ; cracks ; Stroh relations ; composite materials.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new technique for analysis of two-dimensional linear elastostatic solutions with stress singularities at orthotropic corners is developed. An explicit and general representation of the associated eigenequation given as ‘zero determinant condition’ of a matrix with half dimension in comparison with the current approach is derived by application of Stroh relations of anisotropic elasticity. The technique is directly applicable to anisotropic corners. Analytical formulae for stress singularity exponents, roots of the associated eigenequations, at orthotropic half-plane and semiinfinite crack problems for all combinations of basic homogeneous boundary conditions, including slip with friction, are derived. it is noteworthy that the singularity exponents are invariant with respect to the relative orientation of boundary edges and orthotropic material for nine of these combinations. Numerical analysis of singularity exponents for some configurations typical in the modelization of material tests of fiber-matrix composite materials is presented.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 37 (1997), S. 45-55 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The most efficient photoelastic methods to obtain stress intensity factors are those based on stress functions series expansions. The coefficients of these expansions are fitted to the experimental isochromatic pattern using an overdeterministic Newton-Raphson least squares method. In this paper, a study has been carried out to analyze the influence on the results of several numerical and experimental factors. It is shown that accurate values of the stress intensity factorsK I andK II can be obtained by following some recommendations given in the text and summarized in the conclusions at the end of the paper.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4851
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-2765
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-09-01
    Description: The Canarian Archipelago is a group of volcanic islands on a slow-moving oceanic plate, close to a continental margin. The origins of the archipelago are controversial: a hotspot or mantle plume, a zone of lithospheric deformation, a region of compressional block-faulting or a rupture propagating westwards from the active Atlas Mountains fold belt have been proposed by different authors. However, comparison of the Canarian Archipelago with the prototypical hotspot-related island group, the Hawaiian Archipelago, reveals that the differences between the two are not as great as had previously been supposed on the basis of older data. Quaternary igneous activity in the Canaries is concentrated at the western end of the archipelago, close to the present-day location of the inferred hotspot. This is the same relationship as seen in the Hawaiian and Cape Verde islands. The latter archipelago, associated with a well-defined but slow-moving mantle plume, shows anomalies in a plot of island age against distance which are comparable to those seen in the Canary Islands: these anomalies cannot therefore be used to argue against a hotspot origin for the Canaries. Individual islands in both archipelagoes are characterized by initial rapid growth (the ‘shield-building’ stages of activity), followed by a period of quiescence and deep erosion (erosion gap) which in turn is followed by a ‘post-erosional’ stage of activity. The absence of post-shield stage subsidence in the Canaries is in marked contrast with the major subsidence experienced by the Hawaiian Islands, but is comparable with the lack of subsidence evident in other island groups at slow-moving hotspots, such as the Cape Verdes. Comparison of the structure and structural evolution of the Canary Islands with other oceanic islands such as Hawaii and Réunion reveals many similarities. These include the development of triple (‘Mercedes Star’) rift zones and the occurrence of giant lateral collapses on the flanks of these rift zones. The apparent absence of these features in the post-erosional islands may in part be a result of their greater age and deeper erosion, which has removed much of the evidence for their early volcanic architecture. We conclude that the many similarities between the Canary Islands and island groups whose hotspot origins are undisputed show that the Canaries have been produced in the same way.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-08-23
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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