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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (3)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Performance of the Australian Powder Diffractometer at the Photon Factory, Japan (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 513-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Australian scientists have built and installed an X-ray powder diffractometer of an unusual design on the Australian beamline at the Photon Factory synchrotron-radiation facility within the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan. The diffractometer is a Debye–Scherrer camera of 0.573 m radius. The place of the cylindrical film in a conventional camera of this type is taken by image plates. To minimize scattering and absorption by air, the instrument can be evacuated. The instrument is now in operation and has been tested with a specimen of the rutile phase of TiO2. This material has been thoroughly studied previously and it has been demonstrated that time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, conventional neutron powder diffraction, single-crystal neutron diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction lead to a consistent set of values for the anisotropic thermal parameters and the one positional parameter. The powder specimen of rutile for use at KEK was diluted with gum tragacanth and inserted into a glass capillary of 0.5 mm diameter. The beam from the synchrotron is incident on a silicon (111) channel-cut monochromator. Data were collected to ±165°2θ at wavelengths of 0.62, 1.10, 1.54 and 1.90 Å. The exposure time for each data set was 10 min. The resolution of the instrument agrees with theoretical prediction and is such that the full width at half-maximum of a reflection varies from 0.04° at 20°2θ to 0.2° at 160°2θ for a wavelength of 1.54 Å. The intensity from a 10 min exposure is more than sufficient for Rietveld refinement (Rexp 〈 1%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889894014627
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Studies of Rutile-Type Metal Dioxides (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structures of the four metal dioxides GeO2, SnO2, RuO2 and IrO2 (germanium, tin, ruthenium and iridium dioxides, respectively) have been redetermined by Rietveld refinement from neutron diffraction powder data. The four dioxides all adopt the rutile-type structure, space group P42/mnm (no. 136), with a = 4.4066 (1), 4.7374 (1), 4.4968 (2) and 4.5051 (3), c = 2.8619 (1), 3.1864 (1), 3.1049 (1) and 3.1586 (2) Å, and x = 0.3060 (1), 0.3056 (1), 0.3053 (1) and 0.3077 (3), respectively. These results are compared with those for other metal dioxides that adopt the rutile structure and trends in structural and thermal vibrations for a series of 11 metal dioxides which adopt the rutile-type structure are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768197001468
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure Refinement of Y2Ru2O7 by Neutron Powder Diffraction (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 790-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194013168
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  • 4
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    Anglo-French Rivalry in Southeast Asia 1763–93: Some Repercussions (1973)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-09-01
    Description: The growth of British interest and activity in areas east of the Bay of Bengal during the latter half of the eighteenth century has often been explained as a response o t the problems posed by the expanding China trade. The drain of specie from Europe and India to Canton, so the argument goes, rendered necessary the establishment of a commercial emporium to the east of India which would attract Chinese products, notably tea, in exchange for Indian textiles, saltpetre, opium and cotton, and spices from the Malay archipelago.1 Such an entrepot would also free the trade from the vexatious customs and restrictions which applied increasingly at Canton after 1757. Yet it is the central argument of this article that the rival interests and behaviour of other Europeans in areas beyond India provided a significant inducement for intervention.
    Print ISSN: 0022-4634
    Electronic ISSN: 1474-0680
    Topics: Geosciences , Political Science
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 5
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    Copper substitution alone and in the presence of chromium, zinc, cadmium and lead in goethite (α-FeOOH) (2009)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-01
    Description: A series of Cu-substituted goethites, single and co-substituted with Cr, Zn, Cd and/or Pb was prepared, having molar ratios equal to 2.00, 3.33 and 5.00 mol%. All the samples contained only goethite, except Cu-, (Cu,Zn)- and (Cu,Pb)-samples synthesized at 5.00 mol% where hematite was also formed. The presence of Cr/Cd suppressed the hematite-forming effects of Cu. The general sequence of metal entry into the single-metal-substituted goethites was Zn = Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb and in di- (5.00 mol%) and tri- (3.33 mol%) metal-substituted goethites was Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉〉 Pb. Cu incorporation increased all the unit-cell parameters in single-metal-substituted goethite, and these parameters increased in combination with other metals as follows: Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 Pb in the multimetal-substituted goethites. The Cu-substituted goethite dissolved faster than pure goethite. Co substitutions of Cr/Pb reduced the dissolution rate (kFe), while substitutions of Cd/Zn increased kFe.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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