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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 999-1002 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have observed cylindrical 180° domains and 90° multi-domains in crystalline films by an atomic force microscope and in bulk crystals by a scanning electron microscope. The size distribution of the 180° domain end is determined graphically by a computer analysis. A discussion is given on why a thickness dependence of the end size coincides with the theoretical relation proportional to the square root of the thickness over a wide range from 4 nm to 1.4 mm and why the 90° domain is found only in a film of a particular thickness. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 432-434 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization of RAlO3 (R: Dy, Ho, and Er) single crystals along the c axis have been measured by the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The single crystals are nominally pure and large sized, grown by the Czochralski method. Paramagnetic properties depend on the rare-earth elements. According to the magnetic entropy change, ErAlO3 single crystals are promising materials for the magnetic refrigerants using the Carnot cycle in the temperature range below 20 K. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The high-field magnetization process in the randomly diluted metamagnet Fe1−xMgxTiO3 has been investigated in single crystal samples with x≤0.3 by using dc magnetic fields of up to 300 kOe generated by a hybrid magnet. In contrast to the sharp metamagnetic transition along the hexagonal c axis observed in FeTiO3, the diluted compounds show a considerable smearing in the transition with increasing Mg concentration. When the field is applied along the a axis at 4.2 K, a sudden jump in magnetization occurs at 235 kOe in FeTiO3, while no anomaly is observed up to 300 kOe along the a* axis which is taken to be perpendicular to both c and a axes. The jump field is lower in the diluted compounds. For the sample with x=0.185 we have also observed an anomalous increase in magnetization along the a* axis at 270 kOe.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2249-2255 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As a result of dynamic control of the heat deposition and current profile, notably a large fusion product 4×1020 m−3 s keV (equivalent QDT=0.25) was sustained for 1.5 s in the high-confinement mode (H-mode) discharge accompanied with the edge localized modes (ELM), while the highest performance achieved transiently was 1.2×1021 m−3 s keV (equivalent QDT=0.46). A doubly formed transport barrier at the q=3 surface and near the edge is essential for the improvement in confinement. It has also been found that the active shear formation in the toroidal flow velocity, as well as the magnetic shear, can increase the critical edge pressure at the onset of ELMs, which constrain the maximum fusion performance. Further extension to the high-βN (=〈βt〉apBT/Ip) regime yielded the values of βN=2.9, βp=2.6 and the H-factor (=τE/τEITER-89P) of 2.5 for 0.7 s under the full current-drive condition. In these high-βN discharges, the bootstrap component was 74% of the total plasma current before the beam injection, while the neutral beam current drive (NBCD) fraction was 37%. It is stressed that effective current drive in the central region, which can sustain the peaked current profile against the bootstrap component, is indispensable for the efficient steady-state operation. Major results from the confinement physics studies, such as the characteristics of the primary barrier and the turbulence transport across the secondary barrier, are also addressed in this paper. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity with high time resolution (τ∼1 ms) using charge exchange spectroscopy in JT-60U tokamak plasma have been measured. The method uses three interference filters that have slightly different peak wavelengths. These filters are selected according to the ion temperature and rotation velocity expected at the measured position. The system with a time resolution of 1 ms was applied to the analysis of fast plasma phenomena. As an example, the time evolution of the C VI ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity across the L–H transition has been measured. The toroidal rotation at a normalized minor radius (r/a=0.3) increases gradually after the L–H transition, while that at the edge changes from a speed of 5 km/s before the transition to −40 km/s after the transition within a time of 5–10 ms. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3181-3185 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A millimeter-wave interferometer having a capability of concomitant electron temperature measurement, based on the electron cyclotron absorption (ECA) technique, has been developed for divertor diagnostics in JT-60U. Three lines of sight, which pass through the X point horizontally, the inboard divertor and the outboard divertor, are chosen. Two transmitter/receiver units with frequencies of 217 and 183 GHz are employed in order to eliminate the spurious vibration effect using a two color scheme. The two independent units are also arranged to enable two sight line measurements without the vibration compensation. Furthermore, these units allow us to apply the simultaneous ECA diagnostic. Due to the complexity of the transmission line inside the tokamak, the insertion loss is as large as 65 dB. However, the interferometer system can be operated with the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of about 20 dB due to the low equivalent input noise of −90 dB m. The measurements performed for several types of the JT-60U discharges indicate the feasibility of the system and the rapid reduction of the electron density near the X point at the high confinement mode transition is first demonstrated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A broadband reflectometric system in O-mode operation has been developed for the density profile determination, MHD and turbulent fluctuation measurement, and evaluation of the particle diffusion coefficient in the JT-60 tokamak. For the profile determination, full Ka-Q band frequencies of BWOs have been swept in 750 μs, in order to minimize the effect of Doppler shift due to the fluctuation of reflection layers. The heterodyne fixed-frequency reflectometer has unveiled its effectiveness to probe MHD activities, diagnosing the m=1 tearing mode oscillations. It has also enabled the observation of the dramatic suppression of edge plasma density fluctuations at the L to H-mode transition in the LHCD limiter plasma. Furthermore, the propagation delay of density pulses has been observed by different fixed-frequency channels during a series of sawteeth, from which the particle diffusion coefficient was evaluated, with a newly proposed method applicable to fully diffusive plasmas.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3524-3527 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A broadband reflectometric system in O-mode operation has been developed for the density profile determination, MHD and turbulent fluctuation measurement, and evaluation of the particle diffusion coefficient in the JT-60 tokamak. For the profile determination, full Ka-Q band frequencies of BWOs have been swept in 750 μs, in order to minimize the effect of doppler shift due to the fluctuation of reflection layers. The heterodyne fixed-frequency reflectometer has unveiled its effectiveness to probe MHD activities, diagnosing the m=1 tearing mode oscillations. It has also enabled the observation of the dramatic suppression of edge plasma density fluctuations at the L- to H-mode transition in the LHCD limiter plasma. Furthermore, the propagation delay of density pulses has been observed by different fixed-frequency channels during a series of sawteeth, from which the particle diffusion coefficient was evaluated, with a newly proposed method applicable to fully diffusive plasmas.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1318-1321 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Blue shifts corresponding to the absorption edge in the UV-A (310–400 nm) range are obtained from ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of monodisperse CeO2−x (0〈x〈0.5) nanoparticles, which are produced as toluene suspensions by a successive microemulsification method. The blue shift of the nanoparticles is inversely proportional to the 2.2 power of the particle size for a direct transition, but no relation is found for an indirect transition. In contrast, the shift for thin films of 100–200 nm thickness exhibits a relation nearly inverse proportional to the square root of the thickness for the direct transition. These relations are different from that for the quantum size effect, though the difference is small for the nanoparticles. A possible explanation for the blue shift is a valence change of the Ce ions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1486-1488 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tapping-mode atomic force and in situ scanning electron microscopic observations of surface and ferroelectric domain structures are performed, respectively, for BaTiO3 crystalline films grown on {100}SrTiO3 substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and for bulk crystals prepared by the top-seeded solution growth technique. Reconstructionlike structures of very long periods are found for the first time in both thin (20 nm) and thick (1000 nm) films. A dependence of the end size of pole-type 180° domains observed in films and bulk crystals on their thickness agrees with the relation expected theoretically. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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