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  • 1
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    Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(3), ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-27
    Description: Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include the identification of vast permafrost carbon stocks, the development of new pan‐Arctic permafrost maps, an increase in terrestrial measurement sites for CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 and methane fluxes, and important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Process‐based modeling studies now include key elements of permafrost carbon cycling and advances in statistical modeling and inverse modeling enhance understanding of permafrost region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses and model outputs, the permafrost region is likely a wetland methane source and small terrestrial ecosystem CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 sink with lower net CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, the strongest CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 sink was located in western Canada (median: −52 g C m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 y〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉) and smallest sinks in Alaska, Canadian tundra, and Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 g C m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 y〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉). Eurasian regions had the largest median wetland methane fluxes (16–18 g CH〈jats:sub〉4〈/jats:sub〉 m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 y〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉). Quantifying the regional scale carbon balance remains challenging because of high spatial and temporal variability and relatively low density of observations. More accurate permafrost region carbon fluxes require: (a) the development of better maps characterizing wetlands and dynamics of vegetation and disturbances, including abrupt permafrost thaw; (b) the establishment of new year‐round CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 and methane flux sites in underrepresented areas; and (c) improved models that better represent important permafrost carbon cycle dynamics, including non‐growing season emissions and disturbance effects.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sinclair Lewis and the Diagnostic Novel: Main Street and Babbitt (1986)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of American studies 20 (1986), S. 421-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8758
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: English, American Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Sinclair Lewis's critical reputation could not easily be lower than it is at present. In the discussion that follows I want to suggest that a radical re-evaluation of this reputation, and of Lewis's achievement as a novelist, is necessary; not just because he ought to be read and studied seriously in his own right, but also because in his best fiction he addresses very important issues of narrative technique and of historical and structural analysis. And I believe that without a proper understanding of Lewis's engagement with his material in these areas, most notably in Main Street (1920) and Babbitt (1922), the two texts I want to concentrate on here, any account of the re-shaping of American fiction in the years after the First World War must be seriously incomplete.Lewis has proved to be an extremely easy writer to dismiss from any literary or intellectual canon, and not without good reason. His fictions are direct, accessible, and for the most part actively simple. Like Wells and Bennett in England he is a provincial writer of materialist romances, apparently left behind by Modernism; like Upton Sinclair he is a clumsy and over-productive fictionaliser of obvious social problems; in the 1920s he is a man of middle age writing stories about middle-aged characters for a middle-aged readership in a literary and intellectual climate obsessed and characterized by youth; he is a “wildly inconsistent writer, who in his weakest work unquestionably justifies Schorer's description of him as “one of the worst writers in modern American Literature.” And probably more than any other twentieth-century writer of comparable stature, Lewis has been a victim of literary history-writing. With only the very weak platform of spectacular popular success to support him, he stands as the clearest (and unfortunately also the most vociferous) representative of the American fiction that Hemingway and Fitzgerald and their apologists were careful to be seen to be superseding in the 1920s and 1930s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021875800012755
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Edelberg, Cynthia Dubin: Robert Creeley's Poetry: A Critical Introduction : Albuquerque, New Mexico, Univ. New Mexico Press, 1978 (1980)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of American studies 14 (1980), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8758
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: English, American Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021875800002401
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rexroth, Kenneth: An Autobiographical Novel : Weybridge, Whittet Press, 1977 (1978)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of American studies 12 (1978), S. 254-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8758
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: English, American Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021875800020648
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect Rule in the British Empire: The Foundations of the Residency System in India (1764–1858) (1984)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 18 (1984), S. 393-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The British Empire established itself and expanded largely through its incorporation of existing indigenous political structures. A single British Resident or Political Agent, controlling a regional state through ‘advice’ given to the local prince or chief, became the norm for much of the Empire. India's princely states, where from the mid-eighteenth century the British first employed and developed this system of indirect rule, stood as the conscious model for later imperial administrators and politicians who wished to extend the Empire without the economic and political costs of direct annexation. In dealing with Malaya, East and West Africa from the mid-nineteenth century onward, officials in the field and notables in London sought to justify imperial expansion and to establish indirect rule efficiently by drawing upon the Indian example.Thus, during a century of empirical learning from relations with India'sprincely states, the British established a body of theory and policies about indirect rule which then spread throughout the rest of the Empire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00009033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marsden, WilliamDay, Clive: The History of SumatraThe Policy and Administration of the Dutch in Java : Kuala Lumpur, Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints, Oxford University Press, 1966Kuala Lumpur, Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints, Oxford University Press, 1966 (1970)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 4 (1970), S. 371-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00012051
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raffles, Thomas StamfordCameron, John: The History of JavaOur Tropical Possessions in Malayan India : Kuala Lumpur, London, New York, Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints, Oxford University Press, 1965Kuala Lumpur, Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints, Oxford University Press, 1965 (1967)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 1 (1967), S. 104-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00000123
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Changing Frontiers of Asia (1970)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 4 (1970), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X0001194X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Imperial Coronation of 1819: Awadh, the British and the Mughals (1985)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 19 (1985), S. 239-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The interaction among the expanding British, the regional rulers of the Gangetic plain, and Mughal Emperors stands central to Indian history during the first half of the nineteenth century. Each of these three groups determined to advance its own political and cultural values in the face of the conflicting expectations and assumptions of the other two. The English East India Company regarded itself as under the authority of the British Parliament and the sovereignty of the British crown. At the same time, the Company continued nominally to acknowledge the sovereignty of the Mughal Emperor, at least in India. The various regional rulers of north India, most prominently the rulers of the province of Awadh, acted and apparently perceived themselves as de facto independent of the Mughals while also symbolically submitted to Mughal sovereignty. The Mughal Emperors, whose power to command armies had faded to nothingness during the last half of the eighteenth century, continued to pretend to absolute sovereignty over virtually all of India until 1858. Each of these three groups wished to see the 1819 imperial coronation by the Awadh ruler as an overt proof of their own cultural values and of their understanding of their relationships to the others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00012324
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967 (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 7 (1969), S. 611-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: On St Patrick's Day 1967 Sierra Leone went to the polls to elect a new parliament. Four days later, on 21 March, Brigadier David Lansana, head of the Sierra Leone army, seized power. After two more days, on 23 March, Lansana was repudiated by a group of senior army officers; this second coup was followed by the creation of a National Reformation Council, including five army officers and two senior police officials, which was to take control of the government. Almost the last multi-party democracy in independent black Africa had come to an end, cancelling the first peaceful change of government through the ballot-box. Lansana's action was in some respects less defensible than Ian Smith's U.D.I. in Rhodesia. Smith acted against the presumed wishes of a majority of Rhodesians; Lansana acted against the majority wish which had just been expressed. Smith did not, within minutes of taking power, send troops to fire on protesting crowds in the streets of the capital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00018863
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