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  • Cambridge University Press  (164)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (164)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1984  (164)
  • 1
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    Kinematic dynamo problem in a linear velocity field (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-01
    Description: A magnetic field is shown to be asymptotically (t→∞) decaying in a flow of finite conductivity with v = Cr, where C = Cξ(t) is a random matrix. The decay is exponential, and its rate does not depend on the conductivity. However, the magnetic energy increases exponentially owing to growth of the domain occupied by the field. The spatial distribution of the magnetic field is a set of thin ropes and (or) layers. © 1984, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 2
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    The Last Interglacial Ocean (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Description: The final effort of the CLIMAP project was a study of the last interglaciation, a time of minimum ice volume some 122,000 yr ago coincident with the Substage 5e oxygen isotopic minimum. Based on detailed oxygen isotope analyses and biotic census counts in 52 cores across the world ocean, last interglacial sea-surface temperatures (SST) were compared with those today. There are small SST departures in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (warmer) and the Gulf of Mexico (cooler). The eastern boundary currents of the South Atlantic and Pacific oceans are marked by large SST anomalies in individual cores, but their interpretations are precluded by no-analog problems and by discordancies among estimates from different biotic groups. In general, the last interglacial ocean was not significantly different from the modern ocean. The relative sequencing of ice decay versus oceanic warming on the Stage 6/5 oxygen isotopic transition and of ice growth versus oceanic cooling on the Stage 5e/5d transition was also studied. In most of the Southern Hemisphere, the oceanic response marked by the biotic census counts preceded (led) the global ice-volume response marked by the oxygen-isotope signal by several thousand years. The reverse pattern is evident in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, where the oceanic response lagged that of global ice volume by several thousand years. As a result, the very warm temperatures associated with the last interglaciation were regionally diachronous by several thousand years. These regional lead-lag relationships agree with those observed on other transitions and in long-term phase relationships; they cannot be explained simply as artifacts of bioturbational translations of the original signals.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Air flow and dispersion in rough terrain: a report on Euromech 173 (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-01
    Description: Euromech Colloquium 173 was held at Delphi from 13–16 September 1983. Thirty-six participants from eleven countries were present. Papers were presented on: (1) various approaches to calculating and computing air flow in rough terrain in the presence of changes in surface roughness, elevation and temperatures, including methods for interpolating, subject to certain physical constraints, the wind field from measurements at various fixed stations; (2) measurement and satellite photography of air flow in rough terrain near isolated mountains, near coastlines, over mountains, and over mountains near coastlines; (3) the applications of these studies to air-pollution dispersion and the exploitation of wind energy in rough terrain. The discussions led to agreement about how best to use and relate the various techniques for calculating air flows, the role of new techniques in remote sensing for improving understanding of flow in rough terrain, the factors determining air-pollution concentration that need particular study, and the special kinds of information about turbulence needed for estimating wind energy in rough terrain. © 1984, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
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    Interfacial shapes between two superimposed rotating simple fluids (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-01
    Description: The interfacial shape of two immiscible simple fluids in a vertical cylinder which oscillates about its axis is investigated using the theory of domain perturbations. The perturbation stresses are expressed by integrals over the history of the deformation. At first order the azimuthal velocity field satisfies the requirements of continuity in velocity and shear stresses across the interface. At second order the solution consists of a mean part and a time periodic part varying at twice the frequency of the cylinder. The mean problem is inverted for the mean secondary flow, pressure and interfacial shape. Experimental data for two polymeric oils (TLA 227 and STP) show qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for the mean interfacial shapes. © 1984, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
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    Non-uniqueness and stability of the configuration of flow of immiscible fluids with different viscosities (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-01
    Description: The arrangement of components in steady flow of immiscible liquids is typically non-unique. The problem of selection of arrangements is defined here and is studied by variational methods under the hypothesis that the realized arrangements are the ones that maximize the speed on exterior boundaries for prescribed boundary tractions, or the ones that minimize the tractions for prescribed speeds. The arrangements which minimize tractions also minimize the dissipation by putting low-viscosity liquid in regions of high shear. The variational problem is used as a guide to intuition in the design and interpretation of experiments when results of analysis of stability are unavailable. In fact we always observe some kind of shielding of high-viscosity liquid. This can occur by sheet coating in which low-viscosity liquid encapsulates high-viscosity liquid, or through the formation of rigidly rotating masses of high-viscosity liquid which we call rollers. In other cases we get emulsions of low-viscosity liquid in a high-viscosity foam. The emulsions arise from a fingering instability. The low-viscosity liquid fingers into the high-viscosity liquid and then low-viscosity bubbles are pinched off the fingers. The emulsions seem to have a very low effective viscosity and they shield the high-viscosity liquid from shearing. In the problem of Taylor instability with two fluids, low-viscosity Taylor cells are separated by stable high-viscosity rollers. © 1984, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
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    Soil factors affecting the yield of winter wheat: analysis of results from I.C.I. surveys 1979–80 (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Description: SummaryThe soils of fields where winter wheat yields were measured for the I.C.I. Ten Tonne Club Survey in 1979 and 1980 were identified according to the soil series recognized by the Soil Survey of England and Wales. The yield distributions were almost normal, with means 1·49 and 1·60 t/ha greater than the national average. Soil series accounted for 18–19% of the yield variance in both years, which was much more than any other single factor measured. If introduced in best order, soil series, crop variety, previous crop and sowing date accounted for 31% of the variance in both years. However, classes based on soil particle size and drainage, as derived from series identifications, accounted for very little of the variance. Only thick brickearth (loess) soils gave greater mean yields in both years than the overall means of all sites where series were identified. The same soil types provided 35% of the sites where 〉 10 t/ha was achieved in either year, though a wide range of soil types gave such large yields.Yields were greater in 1980 than in 1979 in almost all parts of the country. Although rainfall was only slightly less in the spring and early summer of 1980 than in the same period in 1979, many parts of the country suffered large potential soil moisture deficits in 1980, but these decreased yields slightly on a few series only. Factors other than rainfall used to calculate soil moisture deficits (radiation or wind) probably affected yields much more than rainfall itself.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
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    Resistance in marrow (Cucurbita pepo L.) to different strains of cucumber mosaic virus (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Description: SummaryPlants of the Cucurbita pepo L. cultivars Cinderella, Cobham Bush Green and Gold-rush were inoculated with six strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from different geographical areas and known to differ in pathogenicity and virulence. The cv. Cinderella showed high resistance to all strains, cv. Cobham Bush Green was moderately resistant and cv. Goldrush was highly susceptible particularly to the CMV–SEV strain which caused necrotic symptoms.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
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    Resistance in vegetable marrow and other Cucurbita spp. to two British strains of cucumber mosaic virus (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Description: SummaryMost commercial cultivars of Cucurbita pepo L. reacted by producing severe leaf symptoms when infected with either of two British strains of cucumber mosaic virus. Resistance was identified in some pumpkin-types of C. pepo, with the highest level in cv. Cinderella. Studies with selfed populations produced from selected resistant plants demonstrated that resistance in cv. Cinderella is heritable.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
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    A study of mole drainage with simplified cultivation for autumn-sown crops on a clay soil (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: SummaryGrain yield of winter barley in the year preceding the experiment (1978) was relatively uniform over the site. In 1978–9 after the drainage treatments had been introduced, growth and yield of winter wheat were not affected by drainage, probably due to a compact layer at 20 cm that prevented the mole drains from controlling the water table (Harris et al. 1984).In 1979–80 after disrupting this layer, root growth in undrained plots during the winter and spring was severely restricted by the presence of a water table 20 cm from the soil surface, although some root axes were able to grow down to 75–100 cm below the soil surface. The differences in root distribution patterns between drained and undrained plots disappeared after the water table declined in April. Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were less on undrained plots. Dry-matter production, leaf area index and peak number of tillers was also depressed, so that the yield of winter wheat was 0·74 t/ha greater on the drained treatment; the grain from the drained plots contained fewer impurities and weed seeds.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    The relationship between ultrasonic point readings in live cattle and carcass fat cover (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Description: SummaryFour inexperienced operators used a Smith's Essem Metatest ultrasonic grader and a Philips Sonatest instrument to estimate the thickness of tissue overlying the M. longissimus dorsi at three sites over the tenth intercostal space of live steers. They also measured skin fold thickness over the central site using a micrometer. Suprafascial (selvedge) and total carcass fat were measured at corresponding sites on the chilled carcasses.The residual standard deviations from multiple and simple regressions of suprafascial and total carcass fat thickness on the ultrasonic readings of different operators, using both instruments over the three sites with and without a measurement of skin thickness were compared.The following conclusions were drawn. Use of a constant distance from the midline of the live animal to locate the site for ultrasonic point measurement would lead to errors in estimating fat thickness at a specific anatomical location. If the edge of the M. 1. dorsi is palpated to locate the measurement site, estimates of carcass fat thickness with a residual standard deviation of 2·5 mm are possible by relatively inexperienced operators using single point reading ultrasonic instruments. Fat deposition between the fascial sheath and the underlying M. 1. dorsi is a source of inaccuracy when estimating carcass fat cover particularly at sites closer to the midline and on fatter animals.Using the Metatest instrument, fat cover could bo estimated in the live animal with an accuracy similar to that reported by other workers using the Scanogram. Using the Sonatest instrument the estimates were generally slightly less accurate especially at the most lateral site. Inclusion of a measurement of skin thickness gave a very slight but consistent improvement in accuracy of estimation of carcass fat cover.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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