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  • Cambridge University Press  (75)
  • 1970-1974  (75)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1974  (75)
  • 1
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    Turbulent hypersonic viscous interaction (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1974-03-01
    Beschreibung: A theoretical analysis has been made of turbulent viscous interaction on iso-thermal surfaces at hypersonic speeds. The important parameters governing the effects of incidence and displacement have been obtained under both strong and weak interaction conditions for flat-plate flows. A more general expression relating boundary-layer growth to the external pressure field and effective body shape has been obtained. The method is applied to the wedge compression corner problem and the results compared with some experimental data. © 1974, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Relaxation effects, caused by relative motion, on shock waves in gas-bubble/liquid mixtures (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1974-10-21
    Beschreibung: We observed a gradual change in the structure of a shock wave passing through a long tube of bubbly liquid, which we attribute to the motion of the bubbles relative to the liquid. We show that the effect of the motion on the structure of a shock wave is like that of thermal relaxation on gasdynamic shock waves: the pertinent relaxation time is the time viscous forces in the fluid take to alter the velocity of a bubble to that of the fluid. Our theory predicts certain changes in the speed of the shock wave and in its structure. We could not verify the prediction as to wave speed: in dilute mixtures it is too small to be measured. But we report experiments on the structure of the wave, which support our theoretical conclusion that the observed changes are due to the relative motion. © 1974, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    Kelvin wave propagation along an irregular coastline (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1974-06-19
    Beschreibung: We discuss the theory of Kelvin wave propagation along an infinitely long coast-line which is straight except for small deviations which are treated as a stationary random function of distance along the coast. An operator expansion technique is used to derive the dispersion relation for the coherent Kelvin wave field. For the subinertial case σ = ω/f 〈 1 (ω = wave frequency, f = Coriolis parameter), it is shown that the wave speed is always decreased by the coastal irregularities. Moreover, while the coherent wave amplitude is unaltered, the energy flux along the coast is decreased by the irregularities. For the case σ 〉 1, however, we show that in the direction of propagation the wave is attenuated (with the energy being scattered into the random Poincaré and Kelvin wave modes) and that the wave speed is again decreased. Applications of the theory are made to the California coast and North Siberian coast to determine the decrease in phase velocity due to small coastal irregularities. For the California coast the percentage decrease is only about 1%. For the Siberian coast, however, the percentage decrease is about 25% for the K1 tide, and a minimum of 25% for the M2 tide. The attenuation of a Kelvin wave, however, appears to be due to very large scale irregularities. An estimate of the actual attenuation rate is not possible, though, because of the relatively short extent of coastal contours available for spectral analysis. Although attention in this paper has been focused on Kelvin wave propagation, the method developed could readily be used to study the behaviour of other classes of waves trapped against a randomly perturbed boundary. © 1974, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    Experiments on the behaviour of an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer with a sudden circumferential strain (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1974-04-01
    Beschreibung: Mean velocity and mean turbulent field measurements are performed for the case of a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer on an axially rotated cylinder. The cylinder model consists of two parts: a stationary section followed by a spinning afterbody. Techniques of hot-wire anemometry are employed, which yield complete mean velocity and turbulence measurements in skewed flows. The general behaviour of the three-dimensional boundary layer is first discussed: two asymptotic layers analogous to the two-dimensional wall and defect layers are observed; they are shown to evolve from the equations of mean motion. The hypothesis of scalar eddy viscosity is investigated in the light of these results. Using conventional length scale assumptions together with the Reynolds stress tensor equations, a prediction of curvature effects in the law of the wall region is developed; a result in the present case is a smaller slope of the semi-logarithmic portion of the law of the wall, No assumptions over and above those necessary for plane, two-dimensional flow are required for this analysis. The geometry of the model is such that a rapid change in mean rate of strain occurs along the streamlines. From the history of the components of the [formulla omitted] tensor, it is possible to draw some fundamental conclusions concerning the dynamics of the energy dissipation, diffusion and redistribution processes. © 1974, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 5
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    Nuclear Fusion Power and the Environment (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1974-01-01
    Beschreibung: The physics problems remaining to be solved to achieve practical fusion power by magnetic confinement techniques are believed to be well posed and soluble. A programme plan recently developed in the United States calls for progressively larger plasma confinement experiments to address these physics questions in line with a serious programme in fusion power engineering. Implementation of the plan is expected to lead to the first production of power from a deuterium–tritium-fuelled system in 1980. Thereafter, three progressively larger experimental electrical power reactors are planned, leading to fusion power commercialization in the later 1990s.The environmental characteristics of fusion reactors have been estimated by analyzing conceptual reactor designs. It is projected that the only volatile radioactive material in a fusion power-plant will be the tritium fuel. Analyses indicate that tritium leakage can be held to very low levels and accordingly should not pose a significant environmental hazard.Careful selection of the materials of construction of a fusion reactor core will minimize radioactivity induced by neutron activation. This activity will be nonvolatile, and it can be isolated from the environment by the use of existing techniques. Because this induced activity is short-lived, it does not represent a long-term storage problem.Anticipated thermal efficiencies of fusion powerplants range from present-day levels (30–40%) using standard conversion systems to about 50% when more exotic techniques (such as liquid-metal topping cycles) are utilized.
    Print ISSN: 0376-8929
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-4387
    Thema: Biologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 6
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    Variation in the effects of forage rape on meat flavour in sheep (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1974-12-01
    Beschreibung: SummaryThe flavour of meat from sheep grazing rape (Brassica napusL.) was compared with that from grass-fed sheep in a series of experiments. The occurrence of a strong and unattractive foreign flavour and aroma was confirmed but the intensity of flavour was not consistent. The intensity was apparently unaffected by cultivar, growth stage, length of grazing period or breed or age of sheep.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-5146
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Quantitative petrography of mafic dikes from the central Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming (1974)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1974-03-01
    Beschreibung: SummaryTwo groups of mafic dikes occur within a terrain of metasomatic granitic rocks and quartzofeldspathic gneiss in the central Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. The younger group consists of dolerite dikes which possess ophitic, subophitic, hypidio morphic-granular and microporphyritic textures. Mineralogically, the dolerites consist primarily of plagioclase (average An 54), augite (average Ca: Mg: Fe = 41: 43: 16) and uralite. The older dikes are metadolerites which possess granoblastic margins that grade into interiors characterized by relict subophitic and locally, porphyriti texture. Dike margins consist of fresh plagioclase and hornblende primarily. Interiors are principally clouded plagioclase (average An 46), augite (average Ca: Mg: Fe = 39: 54: 7) and uralite and/or hornblende. Textural, mineralogic and chemical data indicate that the meta-dolerites were derived from an earlier generation of mafic dikes comparable to the unmeta-morphosed dolerites in the area. The dikes were metamorphosed under low amphibolite facies conditions during the last regional metamorphic event which affected the country rock. During their metamorphism, minimal amounts of water from the country rock facilitated the total recrystallization of the metadolerite margins and the complete or nearly complete replacement of pyroxene by hornblende in the margins. In general, dike interiors underwent no textural changes other than partial destruction of the original subophitic plagioclase–pyroxene relationship as the pyroxene was replaced peripherally by hornblende. This process was accompanied by diffusion of calcium from the plagioclase to form the hornblende, and by diffusion of iron from the augite to cause the clouding of adjacent plagioclase.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-5081
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
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    Ahern, Emily M.: The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village : Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1973 (1974)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 59 (1974), S. 595-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000025509
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  • 9
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    On ‘An Interview with Chinese Anthropologists‘ (1974)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 60 (1974), S. 775-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: During March and April 1972 members of the Second Friendship Delegation of the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars visited the People's Republic of China and met Fei Hsiao-t'ung, Wu Wen-tsao and Lin Yüeh-hwa, scholars well known in western sociological and anthropological circles, and who are at present affiliated to the Central National Minorities Institute, Peking. In October 1973 an article by Gene Cooper appeared in Current Anthropology, consisting of a transcript of Fei's remarks to the delegation, a summary of the ensuing discussion, and a translation of the reply written by Fei, Wu and Lin on 11 October 1972 in response to Cooper's sending them a draft copy of the interview report.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000025777
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
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    On Economic Bargaining between African Governments and Multi-National Companies (1974)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 12 (1974), S. 173-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Ethnologie , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The activities of multi-national companies provide primary sources of economic contact between African countries and the industrialised world. The companies' operations in both resource and product markets are often influenced by impositions made, or not made, by host governments in Africa. Such impositions result from bargaining between governments and companies in which each negotiating agent is intent upon obtaining the most preferred conditions—and these are affected by variables that occupy the central focus of our analysis. First, we outline what we believe are crucial variables that affect bargaining outcomes: i.e. particular patterns of benefits and costs arising from the ways that companies manage their businesses in developing lands. Second, we note particular instances where the critical variables appear to be influential, and explore how closer concentration on these might lead to more preferential outcomes from the viewpoint of African governments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00009198
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