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  • Springer  (46)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (3)
  • 2000-2004  (17)
  • 1990-1994  (26)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved automated extraction and separation procedure for soil lipid analyses (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Analysis of soil lipids may contribute to an improved understanding of atmosphere to soil carbon fluxes, soil organic matter source differentiation and pollutant accumulation. Soil lipids, mostly originating from plants and microorganisms, have traditionally been analysed by non-automated extraction and separation methods, which produce several lipid fractions, operationally defined by polarity. Here we present a combination of fast, automated and reproducible techniques, adopted from organic geochemical studies, for preparative separation of individual soil lipid fractions with increasing polarity. These techniques involve commercially available instruments, including accelerated solvent extraction and a two-step automated medium-pressure liquid chromatography procedure. The method yields eight lipid fractions consisting of five fractions fully amenable to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids), and three fractions of highly polar or high molecular weight compounds (bases, very long-chain wax esters (C40+), high polarity compounds) that were not measurable with GC/MS under standard conditions. We tested the method on five agricultural soils. Results show that (i) mass recoveries for the individual fractions are reproducible, (ii) within individual fractions compound distribution patterns are reproducible, as demonstrated for alkanes and carboxylic acids, and (iii) individual fractions represent distinct and clean compound classes, free of interfering substances detectable by GC/MS. Thus, automated separation can be a fast, effective and reproducible procedure for fractionation of complex mixtures of soil lipids into clean compound classes, directly suitable for a variety of molecular (e.g. GC/MS) and isotopic characterizations (e.g. gas chromatography coupled with isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry or accelerator mass spectrometry).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1351-0754.2004.00601.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic matter in particle-size fractions from A and B horizons of a Haplic Alisol (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The organic matter in soils may be stabilized by its interactions with minerals. We have studied such interactions in a Haplic Alisol under forest in which clay and organic matter have migrated from an eluvial A horizon to accumulate in an illuvial B horizon. We have tried to trace the fate of organic matter in these horizons (Ah and Bvt) by determining clay mineralogy, carbon and nitrogen content, hydrolysable amino acids, lignin signature by alkaline CuO oxidation and carbon species by 13C CPMAS NMR of bulk soils and particle-size fractions. In both horizons, most of the organic matter was present in O–alkyl and methylene structures, each contributing one-third to the bulk organic matter. In the Ah horizon the ratios of carbon-to-nitrogen, and yields for lignin and hydrolysable amino acids decreased as the particle-size class decreased, but side-chain oxidation of lignin compounds increased with decreasing particle size. In contrast to previous observations, the proportions of O–alkyl carbon increased as particle size decreased, constituting a major proportion of the organic carbon in the clay-size fractions from both the Ah and Bvt horizons (≥ 38%), while proportions of methylene carbon decreased. Illite was the dominant mineral in the fraction ≤ 6 μm, whereas the mobile fine clay fraction (〈0.2 μm) was rich in smectites – minerals with large surface areas. Our results support the hypothesis that potentially labile organic matter, such as O–alkyl carbon typically present in polysaccharides, may be stabilized against further degradation in organomineral complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00460.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Never say never again: protein glycosylation in pathogenic bacteria (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In recent years, accumulating evidence for glycosylated bacterial proteins has overthrown an almost dogmatic belief that prokaryotes are not able to synthesize glycoproteins. Now it is widely accepted that eubacteria express glycoproteins. Although, at present, detailed information about glycosylation and structure–function relationships is available for only few eubacterial proteins, the variety of different components and structures observed already indicates that the variations in bacterial glycoproteins seem to exceed the rather limited display found in eukaryotes. Numerous virulence factors of bacterial pathogens have been found to be covalently modified with carbohydrate residues, thereby identifying these factors as true glycoproteins. In several bacterial species, gene clusters suggested to represent a general pro-tein glycosylation system have been identified. In other cases, genes encoding highly specific glycosyltransferases have been found to be directly linked with virulence genes. These findings raise interesting questions concerning a potential role of glycosylation in pathogenesis. In this review, we will therefore focus on protein glycosylation in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03030.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong impact of the electron-photon matrix element on angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of Sr 2 CuO 2 Cl 2 (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2001), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.72.Jt Other cuprates – 79.60.-i Photoemission and photoelectron spectra – 74.25.Jb Electronic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In recent years insight has been gained into the electronic structure of layered cuprates using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. In many of these studies it is assumed that the electron-photon matrix element follows the trends set by the atomic photoionization cross sections and does not influence lineshape, dispersion and the k-dependence of the spectral intensity. In this study using Sr2CuO2Cl2 as an example it will be shown that the electron-photon matrix element can have a strong impact on both strength and shape of a feature in an angle-resolved photoelectron spectrum of a layered cuprate which can strongly affect information on character and the momentum-dependence of the energy and spectral weight of a state deduced from the spectra. The results of this study put an emphasis on the need to employ the whole parameter range of the ARPES method to get reliable information on the spectral function of cuprates for which purpose synchrotron radiation is an uniquely suited tool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510170083
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of a 50-year increase in tropospheric ozone in Upper Bavaria (1994)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 12 (1994), S. 1197-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a series of ozone-sonde soundings at the Hohenpeißenberg observatory, starting in 1967, the most striking features are increases of \sim2.2% per year in all tropospheric heights up to 8 km during the past 24 years. These facts have recently been published and discussed by several authors. In this paper, we present some evidence for the increase of tropospheric ozone concentrations during the past 50 years 1940–1990 in the territory of the northern edge of the Bavarian Alps, including the Hohenpeißenberg data. In December 1940 and August 1942, probably the first exact wet-chemical vertical soundings of ozone up to 9 km height were made by an aircraft in the region mentioned. These results were published in the earlier literature. We have converted the results of the flights on 4 days in December 1940 and on 6 days in August 1942 to modern units and have compared them with the Hohenpeißenberg ozone-sonde data of the December and August months. We also compared the data at the ground with the August results of Paris-Montsouris 1886-1898. Our results show an increase of ozone concentration at all tropospheric heights in Upper Bavaria during the past 50 years, compared with the Montsouris data in August during the past 105 years. In the recently published papers, the increases since 1967 were approximated linearly.Our results, extended to the past, show non-linear trends, with steeper increases since 1975-1979. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Quite recently (in case of the December months since 1986/87, the August months since 1990), the ozone mixing ratios at and above Hohenpeißenberg seem to have decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1197-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatisches Herstellen von englumigen Glaskapillaren, Glasfäden und Mikropipetten (1966)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 582-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600532
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect generation in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 by high-energy electron irradiation (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 677-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.80.Fe; 61.82.Fk; 84.60.Jt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the degradation of ZnO/CdS/ Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells for space applications and the defect generation in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by irradiation with 1-MeV electrons with fluences φe up to φe=5×1018 cm-2. Notable degradation of the solar cell performance starts at fluences of φe=1017 cm-2 where the open circuit voltage decreases by about 5% while short circuit current and fill factor remain essentially unaffected. Thus, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells withstand electron fluences which are higher by one order of magnitude or more when compared to other technologies. A model describes the absolute open circuit voltage loss considering the increase of space charge recombination by electron irradiation-induced defects. Defect analysis by admittance spectroscopy shows that acceptor defects with an energy distance of approximately 300 meV from the valence band are generated at a rate γ=0.017 (±0.01) cm-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave-particle dualism and the interpretation of quantum mechanics (1992)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 22 (1992), S. 1217-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The realist interpretations of quantum theory, proposed by de Broglie and by Bohm, are re-examined and their differences, especially concerning many-particle systems and the relativistic regime, are explored. The impact of the recently proposed experiments of Vigier et al. and of Ghose et al. on the debate about the interpretation of quantum mechanics is discussed. An indication of how de Broglie and Bohm would account for these experimental results is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889712
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental investigations on two-phase flow past a sphere using digital Particle-Image-Velocimetry (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 14 (1993), S. 296-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Digital Particle-Image-Velocimetry was applied to investigate particle trajectories in a gas flow past a sphere. The particle displacement was determined by autocorrelation analysis of image sections. To enhance the signal/noise ratio a synthetic image with idealized particle pictures was generated from the real image. The autocorrelation function (ACF) was calculated using the Fast Hartley Transformation (FHT). The desired secondary maximum of this function was detected by an algorithm with subpixel resolution. A data validation step testing the plausibility of the velocity vectors completes the image analysis. Particle trajectories are traced with help of the particles' velocity vectors. The particle deposition on a sphere can be deduced from the course of these trajectories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189487
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydration shell of myoglobin (1992)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 21 (1992), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Monte Carlo ; Crystal water ; Structure refinement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The space in the unit cell of a metmyoglobin crystal not occupied by myoglobin atoms was filled with water using Monte Carlo calculations. Independent calculations with different amounts of water have been performed. Structure factors were calculated using the water coordinates thus obtained and the known coordinates of the myoglobin atoms. A comparison with experimental structure factors showed that both the low and the high resolution regime could be well reproduced with 814 Monte Carlo water molecules per unit cell with a B-value of 50 Å2. The Monte Carlo water molecules yield a smaller standard R-value (0.166) than using a homogeneous electron density for the simulation of the crystal water (R = 0.212). A reciprocal space refinement of the water and the protein coordinates has been performed. Monte Carlo calculations can be used to obtain information for crystallographically invisible parts of the unit cell and yield better coordinates for the visible part in the refinement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188343
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