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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of resistance to cotton leaf curl disease in Gossypium hirsutum (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty-two cotton varieties were screened for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), a disease of viral origin, using three procedures: field evaluation, whitefly transmission assay and graft inoculation. Viral infection of cotton varieties was determined by visual symptom assessment as well as dot-blot and multiplex PCR diagnostic techniques. Crosses were made between the most susceptible variety (S-12) and highly resistant varieties (CP-15/2, LRA-5166 and CIM-443). All F1 plants of these crosses were resistant, showing dominant expression of the resistance as well as the absence of extrachromosomal inheritance. The F2 plants of the crosses CP-15/2 × S12, LRA-5166 × S-12 and CIM-443 × S12 exhibited a ratio of 13 resistant (symptomless) to three susceptible (with symptoms). Screening of the F2 generation for virus infection by multiplex PCR further subdivided the resistant class into those exhibiting a high level of resistance (HR; PCR-negative) and those exhibiting resistance (R; symptomless, yet showing virus replication by PCR analysis). Hence, the final ratio was 3:10:3 (HR:resistant:susceptible). The F3 progeny of susceptible F2 plants segregated for resistance, indicating the probable presence of a suppressor gene (S). These findings are consistent with three genes being involved in G. hirsutum resistance to CLCuD, two for resistance (R1CLCuDhir and R2CLCuDhir) and a suppressor of resistance (SCLCuDhir).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01280.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic changes in testicular activity with lunar cycle in the forktail rabbitfish (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and 17α ,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in the forktail rabbitfish Siganus argenteus peaked around the full moon and the last quarter moon, respectively. Since changes in these hormones were correlated with histological change in the testis, the present study provided conclusive evidence for importance of the lunar periodicity in the reproductive activity of the forktail rabbitfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00036.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel and naturally occurring transposon, ISRpe1 in the Rickettsia peacockii genome disrupting the rickA gene involved in actin-based motility (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: While examining the molecular basis for the lack of actin-based motility for the non-pathogenic spotted fever group (SFG) R. peacockii, we identified a novel insertion sequence (IS) element, ISRpe1, disrupting the coding sequence of rickA, demonstrated to induce actin-tail polymerization for the SFG rickettsiae. This rickettsial IS element appears to be active in that complete terminal inverted repeat and recombinase/transposase open reading frame sequences are present and the transposase is transcriptionally expressed. Phylogenetically, ISRpe1 belongs to a new IS family that is most closely related to those transposable elements of other intracellular bacteria like Wolbachia spp. ISRpe1 was demonstrated to be present in at least 10 locations throughout the R. peacockii genome, including one that disrupted the putative cell surface antigen encoding gene, sca1 considered to be involved in adhesion and virulence of the rickettsiae. Additionally, three IS sites demonstrated rearrangements/relocations of the R. peacockii genome when compared to those of other SFG rickettsiae. Our findings of the disruptions of rickA and sca1 along with the comparative genomic reassortments associated with ISRpe1 in the non-virulent R. peacockii provides opportunities to uncover molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and evolution of rickettsiae as well as its potential to be used in rickettsial transposon-based mutagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04806.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) and mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) as bottom feeders in major Indian carp polycultures (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A polyculture experiment with the large carp rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) and either mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) or common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) (as cash crop fish), and the small indigenous fish punti, Puntius sophore (Hamilton) (as food for the small-scale farmer family) was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The main objective was to compare polycultures of large carp in which the bottom feeder is either the native mrigal or the exotic common carp. Secondary objectives were to assess the effects of adding the small indigenous species punti to polycultures of large carp, and to compare the effects of mrigal and common carp on punti production and reproduction. It was found that (i) common carp damaged embankments, had no effect on catla, improved rohu performance by 50% and total fish production by 20%; (ii) punti addition did not affect rohu, catla and total yield, improved mrigal performance by 50%, and decreased common carp performance by 20%; and (iii) punti was not affected either by common carp or by mrigal. However, its performance was not satisfactory, probably owing to frequent netting, which might have hindered growth and breeding. In spite of the embankment damage caused by common carp, this bottom feeder seems to be more promising than mrigal, because it leads to higher fish production. The addition of punti to the large carp polyculture is a viable proposition, as it does not reduce cash crop production, and might be a good food source for a small-scale farmer's family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00654.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental effects of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) and mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) as bottom feeders in major Indian carp polycultures (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A polyculture experiment with the large carp rohu, catla and either mrigal or common carp (as cash crop fish), and the small indigenous fish punti (as food for the farmer's family) was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The main objectives were to compare polycultures of large carp in which the bottom feeder is either the native mrigal or the exotic common carp, and to assess the effects of adding the small indigenous species punti to those polycultures. The results of fish–fish interactions and overall fish production have already been reported. The present paper presents the effects on the water quality, and discusses fish–environment interactions. The main conclusions are: time changes in the pond environment were stronger than fish composition effects. The main practice affecting water quality was liming, that incresed alkalinity, pH and water transparency and decreased ammonia. Rain affected photosynthesis and the match-mismatch of the two steps of nitrification. The more that bottom feeding fish species disrupt the mud bottom, the stronger their effects on pond environment. Common carp produce the strongest disruption of the mud bottom, followed by punti and then by mrigal. Mud disruption produced by common carp leads to a stronger liming effect, nutrient release into the water, and provides more particles that rain-floods wash out, facilitating the mismatch of the two steps of nitrification, and increased phosphorus adsorption into the mud bottom. Mud disruption by punti is only enough to improve the liming effect. Mud disruption by mrigal is the least, hence less particles are resuspended, nitrification is not affected during floods and relatively more phosphate remains in the water available for photosynthesis. The bottom feeder common carp can be seen not only as a target-cultured fish but also as a management tool. Farmers can get double benefit in introducing common carp in the ponds as it enhances the effectiveness of lime application and increases the availability of nutrients to phytoplankton. Through the manipulation of species in the polyculture alone, farmers can maintain the environment better and also reduce input costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00753.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro steroidogenesis of the gonads of the protogynous Pacific wrasse, Haliochoeres trimaculatus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Testicular and ovarian fragments of the protogynous Pacific wrasse Haliochoeres trimaculatus were incubated in vitro with [3H]pregnenolone ([3H]P5), [3H]17-hydroxyprogesterone ([3H]17OHP4), non-radioactive (nr) 17β-oestradiol (nrE2) or nrP5 to identify the major gonadal steroidogenic pathways and steroid products in females and in the two male variants of this species, the terminal phase (TP) and initial phase (IP) males. Both testis and ovarian tissues exhibited 7 hydroxylase activity resulting in the formation of 7α-hydroxypregnenolone (7OHP5) from [3H]P5, and many HPLC peaks were identified as products of testicular (c. 29) and ovarian (c. 23) steroidogenesis, and only c. 50% of these metabolites co-eluted with authentic reference standards; only very small amounts of conjugated steroid were synthesized from any of the precursors. [3H]P5 was converted by testis mainly to 7αOHP5, and two unknown steroids, whereas [3H]17OHP4 metabolism gave rise to [3H]17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), and two unknown steroids. For ovarian tissues, [3H]17OHP4 and [3H]P5 were metabolized to form E2, oestrone (E1), androstenedione (A4), 20α- and 20β-dihydroprogesterone (20αDHP and 20βDHP), 7αOHP5 (from [3H]P5) and a major unknown. The HPLC steroid profiles for testis incubations for IP and TP males were similar, however, the steroidogenic response of the testis of TP males to human chorionic gonadotrophin, in vitro (determined by hormone assay), was significantly higher than that of IP males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00127.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Escherichia coli cells bearing mutA, a mutant glyV tRNA gene, express a recA-dependent error-prone DNA replication activity (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 33 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A base substitution mutation (mutA) in the Escherichia coli glyV tRNA gene potentiates asp → gly mistranslation and confers a strong mutator phenotype that is SOS independent, but requires recA, recB and recC genes. Here, we demonstrate that mutA cells express an error-prone DNA polymerase by using an in vitro experimental system based on the conversion of phage M13 single-stranded viral DNA bearing a model mutagenic lesion to the double-stranded replicative form. Amplification of the newly synthesized strand followed by multiplex DNA sequence analysis revealed that mutation fixation at 3,N4-ethenocytosine (ɛC) was ≈3% when the DNA was replicated by normal cell extracts, ≈48% when replicated by mutA cell extracts and ≈3% when replicated by mutA recA double mutant cell extracts, in complete agreement with previous in vivo results. Mutagenesis at undamaged DNA sites was significantly elevated by mutA cell-free extracts in the M13 lacZ(α) forward mutagenesis system. Neither polA (DNA polymerase I) nor polB (DNA polymerase II) genes are required for the mutA phenotype, suggesting that the phenotype is mediated through a modification of DNA polymerase III or the activation of a previously unidentified DNA polymerase. These findings define the major features of a novel mutagenic pathway and imply the existence of previously unrecognized links between translation, recombination and replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01520.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases in Neisseria meningitidis (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 32 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are critical phospholipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of cell membranes. In Escherichia coli, LPA acyltransferase (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.51) catalyses the transfer of an acyl chain from either acyl-coenzyme A or acyl–acyl carrier protein onto LPA to produce PA. While E. coli possesses one essential LPA acyltransferase (PlsC), Neisseria meningitidis possesses at least two LPA acyltransferases. This study describes the identification and characterization of nlaB (neisserial LPA acyltransferase B), the second LPA acyltransferase identified in N. meningitidis. The gene was located downstream of the Tn916 insertion in N. meningitidis mutant 469 and differed in nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence from the previously characterized neisserial LPA acyltransferase homologue nlaA. NlaB has specific LPA acyltransferase activity, as demonstrated by complementation of an E. coli plsC(Ts) mutant in trans, by decreased levels of LPA acyltransferase activity in nlaB mutants and by lack of complementation of E. coli plsB26,X50, a mutant defective in the first acyltransferase step in phospholipid biosynthesis. Meningococcal nlaA mutants accumulated LPA and demonstrated alterations in membrane phospholipid composition, yet retained LPA acyltransferase activity. In contrast, meningococcal nlaB mutants exhibited decreased LPA acyltransferase activity, but did not accumulate LPA or display any other observable membrane changes. We propose that N. meningitidis possesses at least two LPA acyltransferases to provide for the production of a greater diversity of membrane phospholipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01404.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Escherichia coli cells defective for the recN gene display constitutive elevation of mutagenesis at 3,N4-ethenocytosine via an SOS-induced mechanism (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Escherichia coli UVM (UV Modulation of mutagenesis) response is a DNA damage-inducible mutagenic pathway detected as significantly increased mutagenesis at 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC) lesions borne on transfected single-stranded M13 vector DNA. All major classes of DNA-damaging agents can induce UVM, and the phenomenon is independent of previously characterized mutagenic responses in E. coli. To understand this phenomenon further, we set out to identify and characterize mutants in the UVM response. Screening a mutant bank of cells defective for 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine-inducible genes revealed that defects in the recN gene cause a constitutive elevation of mutagenesis at εC residues. In contrast to normal cells that show ≈ 6% mutagenesis at εC lesions, but ≈ 60% upon UVM induction, recN-defective strains display approximately 50% mutagenesis at εC lesion sites in untreated cells. However, the recN-mediated mutagenesis response was found to require the recA gene and the umuDC genes, and could be suppressed in the presence of a plasmid harbouring the SOS transcriptional repressor LexA. These results imply that recN cells are constitutively active for SOS mutagenesis functions. The observation that εC mutagenesis is enhanced in recN cells confirms previous findings that mutagenesis at εC can also be independently elevated by the SOS pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02045.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of UVM induction on mutation fixation at non-pairing and mispairing DNA lesions (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 22 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mutation fixation at an ethenocytosine (εC) residue borne on transfected M13 single-stranded DNA is significantly enhanced in response to pretreatment of Escherichia coli cells with UV, alkylating agents or hydrogen peroxide, a phenomenon that we have called UVM for UV modulation of mutagenesis. The UVM response does not require the E. coli SOS or adaptive responses, and is observed in cells defective for oxyR, an oxidative DNA damage-responsive regulatory gene. UVM may represent either a novel DNA-repair phenomenon, or an unrecognized feature of DNA replication in damaged cells that affects a specific class of non-coding DNA lesions. To explore the range of DNA lesions subject to the UVM effect, we have examined mutation fixation at 3,N 4-ethenocytosine and 1,N 6-ethenoadenine, as well as at O6-methylguanine (O6mG). M13 viral single-stranded DNA constructs bearing a single mutagenic lesion at a specific site were transfected into cells pretreated with UV or 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Survival of transfected viral DNA was measured as transfection efficiency, and mutagenesis at the lesion site was analysed by a quantitative multiplex sequence analysis technology. The results suggest that the UVM effect modulates mutagenesis at the two etheno lesions, but does not appear to significantly affect mutagenesis at O6mG. Because the modulation of mutagenesis is observed in cells incapable of the SOS response, these data are consistent with the notion that UVM may represent a previously unrecognized DNA damage-inducible response that affects the fidelity of DNA replication at certain mutagenic lesions in Escherichia coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.d01-1723.x
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