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  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional quality of leaf detritus altered by elevated atmospheric CO2: effects on development of mosquito larvae (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Populus tremuloides leaf litter was produced under elevated (ELEV = 720 ppm) and ambient (AMB = 360 ppm) atmospheric CO2 conditions. Leaf chemical quality was significantly altered by CO2 enrichment. ELEV leaves had significantly higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and lignins, and higher C : N ratios than AMB.2. Leaf litter was incubated in a headwater stream for 14 days to become colonised by microorganisms; aquatic bacterial productivity was significantly lower on ELEV than on AMB leaf litter. Colonised leaves were fed to four species of detritivorous mosquito larvae to assess their survivorship and development rates.3. Larval mortality was 2.2 times higher for Aedes albopictus fed ELEV litter when compared with AMB. Although mortality of A. triseriatus, A. aegypti and Armigeres subalbatus was not affected by treatment, larval development rate was delayed by 78, 25 and 27%, respectively, when fed ELEV litter.4. Increased mosquito mortality and/or delayed larval development rates are more likely to have negative implications for food web structure and productivity in ecosystems where immature stages of mosquitoes are an important food source of predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01102.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated atmospheric CO2 lowers leaf litter nutritional quality for stream ecosystem food webs (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Up to 99% of the carbon fuelling the food webs of temperate woodland streams is derived from inputs of terrestrial leaf litter. Aquatic bacteria, fungi, and detritivore invertebrates directly utilize these inputs, transferring this energy to other components of the food web. Increases in atmospheric CO2 could indirectly impact woodland stream food webs by chemically altering leaf litter. This study evaluated CO2-induced chemical changes in aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaf litter, and the corresponding effects on stream bacteria, fungi and leaf-shredding cranefly larvae (Tipula abdominalis: Diptera). Leaf litter from plants grown under elevated CO2 had decreased nutritional value to aquatic decomposers and detritivores because of higher levels of structural compounds and lower nitrogen content. Consequently, elevated CO2-grown leaf litter supported 59% lower bacterial production in a stream than litter grown at ambient CO2 levels, while not affecting fungal biomass. Larval craneflies fed elevated CO2-grown microbially colonized leaves consumed less, assimilated less, and grew 12 times slower than their ambient fed counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00460.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near-infrared acousto-optic tunable filter based instrumentation for the measurement of dynamic spectra of polymers (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2153-2158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of an acousto-optic tunable filter spectrometer can simplify the instrumental requirements for the collection of time resolved spectra to measure the difference in absorbance of polarized radiation due to chemical functional group orientation of a polymer as it undergoes repetitive oscillatory strain. The rapid data collection achieved in the near-infrared spectral region rivals that of current interferometric instruments. Achieving a good signal to noise ratio requires only a singly modulated optical signal, and the use of digital filtering eliminates the requirement of phase sensitive detection. The usefulness of this instrument for routine testing of polymers is demonstrated by differentiating polymers of the same chemical composition but different rheology and by determining the effect of varying the concentration of monomers in a copolymer. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1355265
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facies and basin architecture of the Late Carboniferous Salvan-Dorénaz continental basin (Western Alps, Switzerland/France) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Salvan-Dorénaz Basin formed during the Late Palaeozoic within the Aiguilles-Rouges crystalline basement (Western Alps) as an asymmetric, intramontane graben elongated in a NE–SW direction and bounded by active faults. At least 1700 m of fluvial, alluvial fan and volcanic deposits provide evidence for a strong tectonic influence on deposition with long-term, average subsidence rates of 〉 0·2 mm yr−1. The early basin fill was associated with coarse-grained alluvial fans that were dominated by braided channels (unit I). These issued from the south-western margin of the basin. The fans then retreated to a marginal position and were overlain by muddy floodplain deposits of an anastomosed fluvial system (unit II) that drained towards the NE. Deposition of thick muds resulted from a reduction in the axial fluvial gradient caused by accelerated tectonic subsidence. Overlying sand-rich meandering river deposits (unit III) document a reversal in the drainage direction from the NE to the SW caused by synsedimentary tectonism, reflecting large-scale topographic reorganization in this part of the Variscides with subsidence now preferentially in the W and SW and uplift in the E and NE. Coarse-grained alluvial fan deposits (unit IV) repeatedly prograded into, and retreated from, the basin as documented by coarsening-upward cycles tens of metres thick reflecting smaller scale tectonic cycles. Volcanism was active throughout the evolution of the basin, and U/Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic deposits restricts the time of basin development to the Late Carboniferous (308–295 Ma). 40Ar/39Ar ages of detrital white mica indicate rapid tectonic movements and exhumation of the nearby basement. In unit I, youngest ages are close to that of the host sediment, but the age spectrum is wide. In unit II, high subsidence and/or sedimentation rates coincide with very narrow age spectra, indicating small, homogeneous catchment areas. In unit III, age spectra became wider again and indicate growing catchment areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00642.x
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