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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial distribution and source of arsenic, copper, tin and zinc within the surface sediments of the Fal Estuary, Cornwall, UK (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Estuarine sediments commonly form major sinks for contaminants released during industrial activity. Many industrial processes lead to the release of metals initially in solution, which can then be adsorbed on to, for example, Fe hydroxides or clay minerals. However, in the mining industry, there are two major contaminant waste streams: (1) metals discharged in solution via mine drainage; and (2) particulate grains of the ore-forming or related minerals released after ore processing. The release of particulate waste can have a major long-term impact on environmental geochemistry. In this study, we have mapped the distribution of arsenic, copper, tin and zinc within the surficial sediments of the Fal Estuary, Cornwall, UK, an area that drains a historically important polymetallic mining district. There are clear spatial variations in the contaminants, with the highest levels (〉 2800 p.p.m. As, 〉 5000 p.p.m. Cu, 〉 3000 p.p.m. Sn and 〉 6000 p.p.m. Zn) within Restronguet Creek on the western side of the estuary. Mineralogical studies show that small (〈 20 µm) grains of detrital arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, cassiterite and sphalerite are very abundant within the surface sediments. Most of the sulphide grains are fractured, but mineralogically unaltered, although some grains show alteration rims caused by oxidation of the sulphides. The geochemistry and mineralogy are indicative of sediment supply from the discharge of particulate waste into the estuary during historical mining activity. Subsequently, this particulate waste has been largely physically and biologically reworked within the surface sediments. Although considerable effort has been made to minimize contaminants released via mine drainage into the estuary, the potential flux of contaminants present within the intertidal and subtidal sediments has not been addressed. Benthic invertebrates living within the area have adapted to be metal tolerant, and it is likely that the dominant source of bioavailable metals is a result of alteration of the particulate mine waste present within the intertidal and subtidal sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00566.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2002.00235.x-i1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 26 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2002.00235.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2001.00180.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron acquisition and virulence in Helicobacter pylori: a major role for FeoB, a high-affinity ferrous iron transporter (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori suggests that this bacterium possesses several Fe acquisition systems, including both Fe2+- and Fe3+-citrate transporters. The role of these transporters was investigated by generating insertion mutants in feoB, tonB, fecA1 and fecDE. Fe transport in the feoB mutant was ≈ 10-fold lower than in the wild type (with 0.5 μM Fe), irrespective of whether Fe was supplied in the Fe2+ or Fe3+ form. In contrast, transport rates were unaffected by the other mutations. Complementation of the feoB mutation fully restored both Fe2+ and Fe3+ transport. The growth inhibition exhibited by the feoB mutant in Fe-deficient media was relieved by human holo-transferrin, holo-lactoferrin and Fe3+-dicitrate, but not by FeSO4. The feoB mutant had less cellular Fe and was more sensitive to growth inhibition by transition metals in comparison with the wild type. Biphasic kinetics of Fe2+ transport in the wild type suggested the presence of high- and low-affinity uptake systems. The high-affinity system (apparent Ks = 0.54 μM) is absent in the feoB mutant. Transport via FeoB is highly specific for Fe2+ and was inhibited by FCCP, DCCD and vanadate, indicating an active process energized by ATP. Ferrozine inhibition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ uptake implied the concerted involvement of both an Fe3+ reductase and FeoB in the uptake of Fe supplied as Fe3+. Taken together, the results are consistent with FeoB-mediated Fe2+ uptake being a major pathway for H. pylori Fe acquisition. feoB mutants were unable to colonize the gastric mucosa of mice, indicating that FeoB makes an important contribution to Fe acquisition by H. pylori in the low-pH, low-O2 environment of the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01987.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusidic acid-resistant EF-G perturbs the accumulation of ppGpp (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Reductions in growth rate caused by fusidic acid-resistant EF-G mutants in Salmonella typhimurium correlate strongly with increased mean cell size. This is unusual because growth rate and cell size normally correlate positively. The global transcription regulator molecule ppGpp has a role in co-ordinating growth rate and division, and its basal level normally correlates inversely with cell size at division. We show that fusidic acid-resistant EF-G mutants have perturbed ppGpp basal levels during steady-state growth and perturbed induced levels during starvation. One mutation, fusA1, associated with the slowest growth rate and largest cell size, causes a reduction in the basal level of ppGpp to one-third of that found in the wild-type strain. Other fusA mutants with intermediate or wild-type growth rates and cell sizes have either normal or increased basal levels of ppGpp. There is an inverse relationship between the basal level of ppGpp in vivo and the degree to which translation dependent on mutant EF-G is inhibited by ppGpp in vitro. This enhanced interaction between mutant EF-G and ppGpp correlates with an increased KM for GTP. Our results suggest that mutant EF-G modulates the production of ppGpp by the RelA (PSI) pathway. In conclusion, fusidic acid-resistant EF-G mutations alter the level of ppGpp and break the normal relationship between growth rate and cell size at division. It would not be surprising if other phenotypes associated with these mutants, such as loss of virulence, were also related to perturbations in ppGpp levels effected through altered transcription patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01967.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyether antibiotic monensin in Streptomyces cinnamonensis and evidence for the role of monB and monC genes in oxidative cyclization (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The analysis of a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster (97 kbp) for the polyether ionophore monensin from Streptomyces cinnamonensis has revealed a modular polyketide synthase composed of eight separate multienzyme subunits housing a total of 12 extension modules, and flanked by numerous other genes for which a plausible function in monensin biosynthesis can be ascribed. Deletion of essentially all these clustered genes specifically abolished monensin production, while overexpression in S. cinnamonensis of the putative pathway-specific regulatory gene monR led to a fivefold increase in monensin production. Experimental support is presented for a recently-proposed mechanism, for oxidative cyclization of a linear polyketide intermediate, involving four enzymes, the products of monBI, monBII, monCI and monCII. In frame deletion of either of the individual genes monCII (encoding a putative cyclase) or monBII (encoding a putative novel isomerase) specifically abolished monensin production. Also, heterologous expression of monCI, encoding a flavin-linked epoxidase, in S. coelicolor was shown to significantly increase the ability of S. coelicolor to epoxidize linalool, a model substrate for the presumed linear polyketide intermediate in monensin biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03571.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2003.00310.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2004.00379.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimensional analysis of schoolchildren's food label comprehension: a pilot study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article discusses some weaknesses in current research into young consumers’ abilities to comprehend and successfully manipulate food label information and describes the development of a research project through to an analysis of the pilot phase. The research programme identifies a method  of  measuring  the  effectiveness  of  state  education in enabling the next generation of consumers to make informed food choices through the provision of appropriate tools and skills, both of which are necessary to fully understand a label's informational elements within a marketing context. The article also discusses the appropriateness of a quantitative questionnaire to measure the abilities and skills of individuals through the identification of some key comprehension dimensions required by modern food consumers. Finally, the article questions the appropriateness of the context in which information is provided to food consumers. Through a continuing programme of research, it is envisaged that a more appropriate context for certain elements important in the choice of a diet that is relevant to an individual's lifestyle may be proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2003.00356.x
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