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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pesticide Transport to Surface Waters within an Agricultural Catchment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper presents data on the distribution of seven pesticides in an agricultural catchment which is located within the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service farm at Rosemaund, 11 km north-east of Hereford, UK. Data for aldicarb, atrazine, carbofuran, dimethoate, MCPA and isoproturon, are available for both the soil and surface waters (drain and stream water), with simazine data available only for the stream. Measurements were taken before and after pesticide application, which was made following normal agricultural practice. Soil residue data showed the degradation rates of the pesticides to be within the range of literature values. Pesticide levels in the stream and drains during runoff events following rainfall ranged from below detection limits (typically 0.02-0.1 μg/1), to 264 μg/1 (for carbofuran). Over 90% of the events had detectable maximum concentrations. The percentage of pesticide applied, which was removed during individual rainfall events, was calculated. The maximum value estimated was 1.1%, again for carbofuran. Most of the events gave values several orders of magnitude below this value.The data have been used to try to validate a range of models which could be used for screening new pesticides or for informing decisions on the use of existing pesticides. The results of the validations are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb00928.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the Fate of Selected Adsorptive Pesticides at ADAS Rosemaund (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Data are presented on four pesticides applied to agricultural land at the Agricultural Development Advisory Service, Rosemaund, in the west of England. The farm covers a well-defined and isolated water basin of cracking heavy clay loam soils drained by a single stream. Levels of the relatively particle-bound pesticides trifluralin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and fenpropimorph were measured in drainage water and field soils following application. Observed concentrations in water were generally below 1 μg/l with occasional peak levels exceeding 10 μg/l during storm rainfall events. Unexpectedly high peak levels of deltamethrin of around 2 μg/l highlighted significant bypass flow mechanisms from the surface soils during the autumn. Additional bioassay experiments showed that levels of chlorpyrifos, lethal to Gammarus pulex, reached the stream during spring 1993. The Rosemaund farm has been the site of a continuing investigation into the movement of agricultural pesticides to surface waters since 1987, and this report represents the final work conducted in the autumn of 1992 and spring 1993.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00084.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pollination on smut development in pearl millet (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 32 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In field and screenhouse experiments, pollination of inflorescences of three pearl millet F1 hybrids and two male-sterile (ms) lines with fresh viable pollen 5–8 days after inoculation with a Tolyposporium penicillariae sporidial suspension reduced smut severities significantly compared with inoculated, non-pollinated control plants. Smut development was not significantly reduced in a ms line following pollination of inoculated inflorescences with pollen of low viability. The implications of these findings in developing an effective screening technique for smut resistance and in controlling this disease in pearl millet are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1983.tb01312.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting yield loss due to interference from two weed species using early observations of relative weed leaf area (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted on linseed (Linum usiãissimum L.) and autumn-sown field bean (Vicia faha L.) to test how well the relative leaf area-based yield loss prediction model of Kropff & Spitters could estimate yield loss due to interference from Stellaria media L. (common chick-weed) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) alone or a combination of both S. media and barley. Damage coefficients were calculated for all comparisons. Generally, the model provided a better estimate of yield loss due to interference from barley than from S. media because of both the variability in crop yield response stemming from S. media's plasticity and the generally minor crop yield response to S. media interference. The addition to the model of a parameter accounting for asymptotic yield loss was, generally, not warranted for either S. media or barley in the single-weed species data sets. When both S. media and barley were present as weed species in the crop, the model that fitted the data best for six out of 10 data sets was the one in which a separate damage coefficient was included for both species. There was no evidence that the presence of S. media influenced damage coefficient values for barley. However, in the presence of barley a parameter accounting for asymptotic yield loss was warranted for S. media in the two-weed species model. The combination of the addition of this parameter and the presence or barley affected the values of the damage coefficients for S. media in the two-weed species compared with the single-weed species models. Consequently, it was shown for these two weed species that two-weed species yield loss prediction models parameterized using data from single-weed species experiments generally resulted in different estimates of yield loss in comparison with models parameterized using data from two-weed species experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-52.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential changes in weed floras associated with reduced-cultivation Systems for cereal production in temperate regions (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 21 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of reduced-cultivation Systems on weeds in cereals are reviewed. Increasing dependence of these Systems upon Chemical weed control together with changes in the soil physical environment are expected to modify existing weed floras. Annual-grass weeds are likely to remain a problem with the use of minimal cultivations, particularly when early drilling is practised, while hitherto unimportant species may become more prevalent, e.g. Bromus spp. Furthermore, reduced cultivations may encourage the establishment of wind-disseminated species. However, annual dicotyledonous species characteristic of arable land are expected to continue to decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1981.tb00102.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germination of proximal and distal seeds of Poa trivialis L. from contrasting habitats (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 27 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seeds of Poa trivialis L. were collected from one grassland and two arable habitats. Seeds from the grassland population were less dormant than the arable populations. Distal (upper) seeds were consistently more dormant than proximal (basal) seeds. Dry storage at 4°C and 15°C for 4 weeks after shedding resulted in a slightly greater loss of dormancy than storage at 23°C. Germination was enhanced by subjecting seeds stored at 15°C to repeated hydration and dehydration cycles. Germination of P. trivialis seeds was density-dependent. Germination of distal seeds was particularly impaired at high densities. The ecological implications of these results are discussed in relation to seed survival strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1987.tb00760.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of weeds of oilseed rape in central southern England (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 27 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Weeds in a total of 450 fields of winter oilseed rape in nine areas of central southern England were surveyed, just prior to harvest during summer 1985, to identify those that had survived herbicide treatment or had not been sprayed and, thus, were capable of re-infestation or contamination of the harvested crop. Sixty-two species were identified; their levels of infestation were scored and distribution within the field noted. The most frequent species was Galium aparine, which occurred in 57% of fields. Mayweeds (Tripleurospermum inodorum, Matricaria recutita and Anthemis cotula) occurred in 23% of fields and Papaver rhoeas in 21%. All other species occurred in less than 20% of fields, the most prevalent being Sonchus asper(18%). Grassweeds were relatively infrequent, reflecting the widespread use of effective graminicides; the most prevalent was Arena spp., found in 9% of fields. Although most species were distributed throughout the field, Geranium dissection (13%) and Sisymbrium officinale (7%) were virtually confined to field margins (extending 1 m into the crop) and headlands (10m into the crop), respectively. Several species exhibited a well-defined regional distribution; Silene alba was virtually restricted to the most southern counties surveyed, whilst Papaver rhoeas and Viola arvensis were conspicuously absent from the eastern area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1987.tb00753.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simazine Concentrations in a Stream Draining an Agricultural Catchment (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper reports the concentrations of the herbicide simazine which were found in a stream draining a small agricultural catchment as a result of normal agricultural practice. The study, part of the National Rivers Authority Research and Development programme, shows that peaks in the concentration of simazine occurred very soon after rainfall events. It goes on to show that although the mass of simazine transported from the catchment during each rainfall event is small as a percentage of that applied (less than 1%), the concentrations observed are far from insignificant. It is suggested that monitoring programmes need to be designed to cover such pesticide pulses generated as the result of rainfall events occurring at times of peak application. Also, more realistic environmental-quality standards need to be developed and applied where the EC drinking water Directive is inappropriate, and to reflect the intermittent nature of the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00591.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Translocation of Some Herbicides between Soil and Water in a Small Catchment (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper presents data on the distribution of four herbicides within an agricultural catchment. In the case of mecoprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and simazine, these data include concentrations in the soil, field drains and the stream, before and after applications of the herbicides following good agricultural practice. The concentrations of these herbicides in the soil were found to follow published degradation rates, and their concentrations in the stream and drains were elevated following rainfall with peak concentrations from 0.12 μg/1 to 68.0 μg/1. Atrazine was found at relatively high concentrations (peak 122 μg/1) when it had not been applied to any of the fields draining to the sampling point.The data will be used to test models that may be used as one of a number of tools for the screening of new pesticides prior to their registration. One approach using the Mackay's fugacity model is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00779.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF PORPHYRIN COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION: THE INTERACTION OF METAL PORPHYRINS WITH VARIOUS STEROIDS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 206 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb43215.x
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