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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 6 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract— Isozyme genotypes of 400 glass eels recruiting to 4 localities along the east Asian coast, stretching from Taiwan to the Yalu River of northeastern China, were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. Geographic cline was found to exist in two loci: NADP-isocitrate dehygenase-1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Frequencies of the most common allele of these two loci increased from south to north. In the latitudinal range of 25°N to 40°N, the magnitude of difference of IDH100 and PGD100 was 13% and 9% respectively. However, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found to be insignificant in both loci at three of the four localities. The cline was, therefore, unlikely to have resulted from selection. Migration time-lag from different parts of the continent to the spawning ground in the western Pacific was suggested to be a possible reason for the formation of the cline.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two sympatric morphs (type A with a vertebral number of 25 and type B with a vertebral number of 24) of striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider) were analysed genetically. A part of the 16S–rRNA region of mtDNA was amplified with polymerase chain reaction for 24 specimens, and a restriction enzyme fragment polymorphism showed significant differences between the two types. While all specimens sampled in Ogasawara were identified as type B, about 90% of striped jack in Oita were type A and 10% were type B. Although the spawning areas of these two types are still unknown, significant genetic differences between the two sympatric morphs show that recruitment and migration patterns might differ from each other. The current system suggests the possibility that the juveniles of type B in Oita may migrate from the Ogasawara Islands.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Totals of 2.67 x 105 and 7.56 x 105 juvenile red sea bream of three size groups (10, 20 and 40 mm t.l.) marked with a fluorescent substance in the otolith were released in News Bay, Oita Prefecture, Japan, in July 1987 and June 1988, respectively; the aim was to estimate growth and mortality of different developmental stages.Of fish released in 1987 and 1988, 10 618 and 4413, respectively were recaptured during those two years. Released fish remained in the bay until the end of summer, and afterwards migrated out towards open waters. Fish of the 40-mm group released in 1987 grew to over 200 mm t.l. in one year. Mean growth rate for 19 days after release was higher in the 40-mm group (0.87 mm day−1) than in the 20-mm group (0.74mm day−1). Survival rates over 19 days were 59.0 and 10.1 % for 40-mm and 20-mm fish, respectively, in 1987, and those over 30 days were 69.2, 3.3 and 0.0% for 40-mm, 20-mm and 10-mm fish, respectively, in 1988.Cannibalism was indicated by the presence of marked otoliths for 20-mm fish in the stomachs of a few 40-mm individuals recaptured 2 days after release. Size-dependent growth and size-selective mortality were both noted in juvenile red sea bream, i.e. the relative size differential between larger and smaller individuals was maintained in the period between marking and recapture, and mortality was inversely proportional to size.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Isozymes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used as genetic markers to evaluate the reproductive success of transplanted stocks of ayu Plecoglossus ultivelis in a highly stocked Japanese river, the Shinano. Two major alleles at the MPP and GPI-A* loci and 26 mtDNA clonal genotypes were demonstrated and surveyed in two non-native source populations and five collections from the Shinano River. Contributing populations were clearly discriminated in their isozymes and mtDNA composition. Despite the stocking of large numbers of non-native fish, they have had little effect on the genetic characteristics of the native population. Maturation and migration of the stocking and native populations was traced by genetic markers to clear the mechanism of this event. All the contributing populations join together in the migration toward the spawning ground throughout the spawning season but these contributing populations occur independently of each other in other sites of the river.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tank–reared Japanese flounder larvae, Paralichthys olivaceus, had a major feeding peak in the morning and a secondary peak in the afternoon throughout the larval development, with light being the primary factor regulating their feeding activity. The larvae consumed rotifers in preference to Artemia for up to 10 days, after which the food preference shifted to Artemia. Feeding rates of the larvae prior to 10 days post–hatch depended on prey density, but in the old larvae, feeding rates were independent of prey density. Maximum feeding rate occurred at 19° C. The occurrence of the attack posture, after its onset at first feeding (2 days post–hatch), increased up to 25 days, began to decrease when the larvae prepared to settle down, then disappeared after settlement. The occurrence frequency of the attack posture was positively related to fish density, but inversely related to starvation duration, and occurred most frequently at 19° C. This posture depended on prey density in larvae prior to 10 days post–hatch, but became independent of prey density as the larvae developed. It was obvious that, for flounder larvae, attack posture was a behavioural character closely related to feeding and subject to larval development and environmental factors.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of density, starvation and size difference on aggressive behaviour in juvenile yellowtails. Seriola quinqueradiatu (Temminck and Schlegel), were investigated. When fish were acclimated to densities of 1, 2, 4. 8, and 16 fish L-1, the frequency of aggressive behaviour per fish decreased significantly. Following starvation for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, the highest aggression was observed at 24 h, while levels of aggression were equal between 0 and 8 h. According to a pair match test from one batch among three groups of different size (total length mni: 16.6 ± 2.0, 21.1 ± 2.1, and 29.7 ± 4.9), the highest aggression was observed in the group with the largest size difference. Therefore, in view of the three parameters investigated, aggressive behaviour in the yellowtail was concluded to be positively starvation- and size-dependent, but negatively density-dependent. Synthesizing all relevant results, including abiotic factors such as the light condition, a practical method is presented to reduce mortality caused by aggressive behaviour in yellowtail cultures.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To examine the larval competition between wild and hatchery ayu in the culture ponds, mixed rearing of 580 000 wild and 520 000 hatchery larvae was carried out in two 25-m3 ponds for 3 months, in contrast to the control in which 860 000 wild larvae were reared in another pond.The number of wild larvae in the mixed-rearing treatments decreased rapidly 20 days after the start of mixed rearing, in contrast to hatchery larvae. Mortality of wild larvae was almost 100% at the end of the experiment (3 months), while the hatchery larvae showed the usual survival rate of 15–16%. In the control pond, however, 16% of the wild larvae survived. The wild larvae grew much slower (0.10mmday -1) than the hatchery larvae (0·26 mm day -1) in the mixed-rearing ponds, whereas the wild larvae in the control pond showed almost the same growth rate (0·24 mm day -1) as hatchery larvae. On day 6 the gut fullness of wild larvae was only 30% of that of the hatchery larvae in the mixed-rearing experiments. On day 46 the wild larvae occurred deeper in the mixed-rearing ponds than the hatchery larvae. This depth difference in vertical distribution appeared to cause a disadvantage for the wild larvae in the competition with hatchery larvae, since the food was supplied at the surface. Thus, the wild larvae starved and died.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To determine the effect of environmental factors on otolith increment deposition in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonicaT. & S., a total of 337 elvers with a tetracycline time mark in the otolith were reared for 50 days under various experimental temperatures (12, 19 and 25°C), feeding rations (fed and unfed) and salinities (one-third sea water of I 2k and fresh water). Fish were sequentially sampled after 5. 15, 30 and 50 days and their sagittal otolith increments were observed. Under fed conditions at 19 and 25°C, daily increment deposition was observed throughout the 50-day period. In unfed groups and/or at 12°C, the rates of increment deposition were reduced sharply after the fifth day and no clear increments were added. No difference was obtained in increment deposition rates between one-third sea water and fresh water groups. Increment deposition rate was independent of otolith and body size.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae established first feeding 3 days after hatching (DAH) at c. 17° C. Non-fed fish reached irreversible starvation at age 5 DAH. Non-fed fish showed similar feeding rate and feeding intensity as the fed fish when they were provided with prey before 5 DAH, after which the starved larvae did not feed even when prey became available. None of the six morphological measurements examined (total length, body height, eye height, head height, gut height and myotome height) showed significant differences between the non-fed and fed larvae until 5 DAH. Normal development continued only in the fed group, and the non-fed larvae showed reverse growth or body collapse after 5 DAH. Owing to the shrinkage and collapse at the top of head due to starvation, head height could be a sensitive indicator of starvation in Japanese flounder larvae. In the fed treatments, high mortality occurred from first feeding (3 DAH) to irreversible starvation (5 DAH), accounting for about two-thirds to three-quarters of the overall mortality (46–52%) throughout the experiments. This mortality was not prey density or larval density dependent. Mortality during the same period in the non-fed larvae accounted for about a third of the overall mortality (100%).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate involvement of the central nervous system in the ontogeny of behaviour, diets of differing quality were used to rear yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata larvae and juveniles. Artemia nauplii enriched with oleic acid (OA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or two different concentration levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were fed to yellowtail larvae (LT 7 mm; 13 days old) for 12 days, and their behavioural development was analysed together with growth, survival, activity and fatty acid composition. Yellowtail fed with DHA–enriched Artemia showed mutual attraction behaviour at 11 mm LT, while those fed with OA– or EPA–enriched Artemia did not show this behaviour at the same size. While fish in the OA group showed poor growth, survival and activity index, fish in the EPA group were similar to the two DHA groups. In addition, most fish tested, including the OA group, showed clear optokinetic responses. Fatty acid composition of the diet was reflected in that of the fish body. Therefore, dietary DHA in the larval stage is considered to be essential for the development of schooling behaviour in the yellowtail.
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