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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MONOCLONAL ANTI-LWab AND ANTI-D REAGENTS RECOGNIZE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT EPITOPES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which detect antigens on human red cells are also suitable for testing cells of other species. Such studies may reveal previously unrecognized heterogeneity in antibodies which apparently detect the same antigen on the human red cell surface. Information is also provided on specificities shared amongst several species. Here three anti-LWab and a variety of Rh-related antibodies have been tested against the red cells of various primates. One monoclonal anti-LWab antibody, BS46, reacted with the red cells of gorillas and rhesus monkeys but not those of orang-utans, baboons or marmosets. In contrast, BS56 and NIM-M8 reacted with the cells of all these species. Chimpanzee cells, however, reacted only with NIM-M8. Use of primate cells has shown that all three monoclonal anti-LWab antibodies recognize different epitopes. These observations may explain early conflicting data concerning primate cells. The difference between the monoclonal anti-D, D4, and three other anti-D antibodies, 8G2, 8D6 and 7D10, has been confirmed. The D antigen is apparently confined to the red cells of apes and humans. D4 recognizes a polymorphism in chimpanzees and 8G2, 8D6 and 7D10 recognize a polymorphism in gorillas. Two Rh-related mAbs, R6A and K70, were also investigated. R6A fails to react with Rhnull cells and reacts more weakly with homozygous -D- cells than with cells of common Rh phenotypes. K70 reacts weakly with Rhnull and -D-/-D- cells. The antigen detected by R6A is confined to the red cells of humans, gorillas and chimpanzees, while the antigen detected by K70 shows a wider species distribution. In some primates LW antigens are expressed in the absence of the determinant recognized by R6A. This phenotype has never been known to occur in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1986.tb01123.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THREE ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN INTESTINAL BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE ARE CHARACTERIZED AS ANTI-Lea (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the course of raising monoclonal antibodies to human colonic and small intestinal epithelium, three were isolated which recognized epitopes on many colonic glycoproteins and many jejunal glycoproteins taken from some individuals, but not on the same glycoproteins from others. The specificities of these antibodies were examined by carrying out inhibitions of the binding of the antibodies to the jejunal glycoproteins by blood group substances and purified oligosaccharides. The glycoproteins were separated by electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose strips which were then used for the inhibition experiments. The results indicated that the antibodies bind to Lea-active structures. The conditions were determined for achieving red cell agglutination by two of the antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00462.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXPRESSION OF Xg AND THE 12E7 ANTIGEN IN PRIMATES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tests on cells from various non-human primates showed that expression of the 12E7 antigen is the same on cultured fibroblasts, peripheral blood lymphocytes and red blood cells. No quantitative polymorphism of 12E7 expression was observed in any of the animals tested. Tests on red blood cells of these primates confirm that anti-Xga and the monoclonal antibody 12E7 define different determinants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1985.tb00837.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trypanosoma brucei brucei: In Vitro Production of Metacyclic Forms (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 39 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An in vitro method has been established to obtain metacyclic form populations of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Trypanosome populations containing more than 98% of metacyclic forms were obtained from cultures which were: 1) initiated with bloodstream forms in primary cultures in the presence of Microtus montanus embryonic fibroblast-like cells (feeder cell layers); 2) maintained in glucose-free Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10 mM L-proline, 2 mM L-glutamine and 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum at 27° C without medium change for five days; 3) subcultured in the absence of the feeder cell layers but in the presence of Cytodex 3 beads; 4) maintained for an additional nine days with medium changes on days 5, 8 and 11; and 5) harvested on day 14 by means of diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography prior to the appearance of other infective forms. Most of the trypanosomes obtained under these conditions were morphologically similar to metacyclic forms derived from tsetse fly vectors, coated with variable surface glycoprotein and were infective for mice. In the primary cultures procyclic forms, epimastigotes and metacyclic forms appeared by day 8. When the duration of the subculture was prolonged to 17 days or more at 27° C, the metacyclic forms decreased in number while short trypomastigotes, long slender epimastigotes, and long slender trypomastigotes increased in number. These forms in such long-term cultures also appeared in diethylaminoethyl cellulose-isolated populations along with metacyclic forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04861.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on the development of light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of temperature on the development of light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on winter oilseed rape were investigated in controlled-environment experiments. The proportion of conidia which germinated on leaves, the growth rate of germ tubes, the severity of light leaf spot and the production of conidia increased with increasing temperature from 5 to 15 C. The time to 50% germination of conidia and the incubation and latent periods of light leaf spot lesions decreased when temperature increased from 5 to 15°C. At 20°C, however, light leaf spot severity and production of conidia were less and the incubation and latent periods were longer than at 15 C. There were differences between P brassicae isolates and oilseed rape cultivars in the severity of light leaf spot, the production of conidia and the length of the incubation period but not in the length of the latent period. The responses to temperature for lesion severity and incubation and latent periods appeared to be approximately linear over the temperature range 5-15°C and could be quantified using linear regression analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02715.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonally induced chaotic dynamics and their implications in models of plant disease (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two models of plant disease in crops regulated by a virus disease or by a hyperparasite are introduced. If the host crop is annually harvested or dies back, the pathogen population at the end of each year may fluctuate indefinitely and irregularly in a way which depends very precisely and for ever on the initial populations. This means that even in an environment which is identical every year, the pathogen populations in each year vary enormously and erratically. However, the combinations of pathogen and virus incidence or hyperparasite infection that can occur exhibit very well defined patterns, even if parameters in the model exhibit substantial random annual variation. It is important that pathologists should be aware that population fluctuations may not be caused by environmental fluctuations and may be, in principle, unpredictable by a deterministic model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01623.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid test to evaluate in vitro sensitivity of Septoria tritici to flutriafol, using a microtitre plate reader (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The sensitivity of Septoria tritici to the sterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicide flutriafol was assessed using a quick and objective technique based on light absorbance to measure fungal growth. Microtitre plates were inoculated with suspensions of pycnidiospores taken directly from single pycnidia on leaves, after which glucose peptone broth containing different fungicide concentrations was added. After 10 days’ incubation in the dark at 17°C, growth was measured using a spectrophotometer at 405 nm. A dose-response curve fitted to the absorbance data was used to estimate the fungicide concentration reducing absorbance by one half (EC50). The method was precise, quick, reproducible and objective, with substantial advantages over conventional techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01612.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors determining the severity of epidemics of Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) on winter wheat in the UK (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Epidemics of disease caused by Septoria tritici were studied in detail in 11 crops of winter wheat cv. Longbow over 4 years. Serious damage to the uppermost two leaf layers was caused by splash-borne infection from lower in the crop early in the life of the leaves, followed by one or rarely two cycles of multiplication within a leaf layer. Infection conditions rarely limited damage, even in a dry year; the timing and, to a lesser extent, amount of initial inoculum movement to an upper leaf layer was of greater importance. Timing of initial infection was determined by when rain splash occurred in relation to emergence of a leaf layer. Occurrence of infections soon after a leaf layer started to emerge allowed more time for multiplication of disease within that layer. These infections tended to be more severe because the leaves were closer to inoculum sources within the crop. Slight differences in phenology between locations explain why initially random disease distributions sometimes become aggregated. Early-sown crops are at greater risk because they mature more slowly, allowing more disease multiplication and better transfer between leaf layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb02674.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airborne inoculum as a major source of Septoria tritici (Mycosphaerella graminicola) infections in winter wheat crops in the UK (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The pattern and extent of primary infection by Septoria tritici were compared over a period of 3 years in winter wheat grown at sites with differing histories and from seed stocks obtained in different countries, in the open, under airtight cover and in sterilized soil. Only the airtight cover altered the number of lesions found, substantially reducing it. Lesions were evenly distributed. Lesions were found throughout the autumn and occasionally in the winter and spring on wheat seedlings exposed in trays to the open air for periods of 1 week, then given good conditions for infection to occur. This was true even at a site 0.4 km distant from wheat residues. The results show that the main source of primary infection of winter wheat in these experiments was evenly dispersed and airborne. It probably consisted mainly of ascospores of Mycosphaerella graminicola.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb01425.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of the evolution of polygenically controlled fungicide resistance (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A simple model of the evolution of polygenically controlled fungicide resistance is presented. The basic model contains four parameters, all of which are experimentally measurable. The first, β, describes how much a given change in fungicide sensitivity alters the fitness of a clone of the organism in the presence of fungicide. The second, γ, describes the strength of stabilizing selection, which tends to restore sensitivity to an optimal value. The third, σ2, specifies the variance in fungicide sensitivity existing among genotypes in the population. The fourth parameter is the heritability, h2. of fungicide sensitivity; it applies only to pathogens reproducing sexually. The model suggests that changes in sensitivity of populations to fungicide will only be weakly dependent on the concentration applied, but will be mainly controlled by the slope of the graph for fungicide sensitivity against fitness in the presence of fungicide. Unless stabilizing selection is very strong, it will only slightly modify the rate at which sensitivity changes. Loss of resistance in the absence of the fungicide will be, at most, half as fast as its initial gain. If the heritability, h2, is close to 1, annual sexual reproduction will scarcely affect the conclusions drawn above; if h2, is small, long-term changes will be substantially slowed down and a cycle in population fungicide sensitivity may occur within each year. In suitable fungi, limits could be placed on the strength of stabilizing selection by looking for changes in variance in fungicide sensitivity between clones before and after sexual reproduction. Data to test the model are sparse, but do not contradict it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb01426.x
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