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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the sequential clinical and pathological changes during proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A histological study of 0+ rainbow trout, exposed to proliferative kidney disease (PKD) on an infected farm, showed evidence of infection from the beginning of June, gross pathological changes from the beginning of July, and clinical signs from mid-July. Evidence of healing was present in some samples from the second week of August. Kidney samples were divided into five grades (0–4) representing increasing severity of pathology. A sixth grade (H) was applied to kidneys showing signs of healing. The most frequent clinical signs were abdominal distension and exophthalmos. Melanosis, corneal cloudiness and ecchymoses were observed occasionally. Apart from renal enlargement, other internal gross pathological changes included ascites, gill and liver pallor, oedema, petechiation, and splenic enlargement. The majority of clinical signs and internal changes were only seen in fish with advanced renal swelling (grades 3 and 4). Histopathology was most marked in the kidney and was of three types: haemopoietic hyperplasia, vascular pathology and diffuse inflammatory change. Vascular changes, including occlusion of blood vessels in several organs and apparent haemoglobin crystallization, and destruction of renal excretory structures within areas of chronic diffuse inflammation were marked features of the histopathology in fish with clinical signs. The pathogenesis of PKD is discussed with reference to the histopathological changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01081.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in cultured and wild fish: further investigations (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In an investigation of the occurrence of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in freshwater fish other than rainbow trout, 18 species of wild fish and seven species of fish raised in cultivation wore sampled from waters where the disease occurred annually in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson). Results revealed that certain wild stocks of brown trout. Salmo trutta L., grayling, Thymallus thymallus L., and pike, Esox lucius L., were infected with PKD, as were cultivated Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr, brown trout and char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Microscopical examination revealed the presence of the PKX cell in these species and also intraluminal protozoa possibly related to the PKX cell, which were not found in the rainbow trout. Other species of freshwater fish had myxosporidan infections but, unlike PKD infection, there was little host/parasite tissue response. The PKX cell as a myxosporidan stage is discussed and the presence of the disease in wild fish is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00614.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further consideration of the haematology of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A study of selected haematological parameters in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, exposed to proliferative kidney disease (PKD) under field conditions is described. Changes in the blood picture are related to kidney pathology at different stages of the disease. As extensive renal vascular pathology, haemoglobin crystallization and inflammatory lesions developed, there were progressive decreases in haemoglobin and packed cell volume values, erythrocyte numbers declined to less than 50% of those in control fish, and numbers of misshapen erythrocytes increased. Leucopenia, neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia developed, especially in oedematous fish. With recovery, most values were similar to those of control fish. In recovered, re-challenged fish, erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume and haemoglobin values decreased in infected fish compared with uninfected fish. The results of the study are compared with those of other authors and the type of anaemia in PKD is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01094.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative kidney disease of salmonid fish: a review (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A detailed review of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonids is presented. The introduction places the disease in a historical context. The various aspects of the disease are described from the existing literature, together with latest findings from current research. Particular emphasis is given to epidemiology, aetiology and pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1984.tb01201.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malachite green: a pharmacokinetic study in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Pharmacokinetic studies on uptake, distribution and climination of malachite green in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), are described. All three processes were found to be temperature-dependent, with levels and rates increasing with increases in water temperature. Tissues investigated were serum, liver, kidney, muscle and viscera. First-order kinetics were found to apply and, in particular, kidney was observed to be a deep compartment. The long-term persistence of kidney residues may explain the efficacy of malachite green for the control of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout. Residue levels in muscle were never excessive and an extrapolation from the experimental data suggests that a suitable withholding period might be 600 degree days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1993.tb00864.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological effects of repeated doses of malachite green: a preliminary study (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study reports the histopathogical observations made upon the livers and gills of rainbow trout exposed to a continuing series of exposures to l·6ppm 40 min baths of malachite green at weekly intervals. After the third week of exposure, sinusoidal congestion and focal necroses were evident on the livers. At the ultrastructural level, consistent mito-chondrial damage was evident with swelling and disruption of the cristac, together with dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear alterations increased in severity in the later periods of exposure. However, these hepatic changes were not severe enough to be reflected in scrum protein changes. In the gills of treated fish, separation of the epithelial lining from both lamellar and interlamellar regions was noted and lamellar cell necrosis and leucocyte infiltration became more frequent with increased exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00607.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of malachite green upon proliferative kidney disease (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. When rainbow trout infected with proliferative kidney disease (PKD) held in the laboratory were treated with malachite green and formalin to cure ichthyophthiriasis it was observed that subsequent development of PKD was delayed. Experiments are reported which indicate that this was due to the malachite green treatment. The possible use of malachite green in the treatment of PKD, tissue levels of malachite green achieved during treatments and the toxicity risks from multiple dose therapy with malachite green are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb00725.x
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