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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 24 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 38 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Freedom (in the choice of jobs or the place of residency) and fairness (horizontal equity) may be inconsistent with the attainment of (vertical) equity (interpersonal equalization of marginal welfare of income) and/or efficiency, even abstracting from familiar factors (incentive effects, administrative costs) accounting for the equity-efficiency trade-off. The imposition of congestion taxes on urban residency or the offer of high salaries to attract volunteer soldiers may achieve an efficient division of the population consistent with freedom and fairness but is unlikely to coincide with the equalization of the marginal welfare of income. This conflict may partly explain the urban-rural segregation in China and the prevalence of conscription.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFreiheit (wie zum Beispiel in der Wahl des Berufes oder Wohnsitzes) und Fairness (horizontale Gerechtigkeit) können unvereinbar sein mit dem Ziel der (vertikalen) Gerechtigkeit und/oder der Effizienz, selbst wenn man von den bekannten Faktoren (wie Ansporneffekten oder Administrationskosten) abstrahiert, die für den Trade-off zwischen Gerechtigkeit und Effizienz verantwortlich sind. Freiheit und Fairness erfordern Indifferenz zwischen den Alternativen (Gleichheit des Gesamfnutzens), während (vertikale) Gerechtigkeit zwischenpersönliche Gleichsetzung des Grenznut-zens der Einkommen voraussetzt. Die Aufbürdung von Ballungssteuern auf städtische Wohnsitze oder eine Solderhöhung als Ansporn für freiwilligen Militärdienst können eine effiziente Aufteilung der Bevölkerung im Einklang mit den Zielen der Freiheit und Fairness erreichen, aber sie werden kaum die Gleichsetzung der Grenz-nutzen der Einkommen erreichen. Dieser Konflikt mag einen Beitrag leisten zu der Erkläarung der Segregation in China zwischen Stadt und Land und dem weitverbrei-teten Phänomen der Wehrpflicht. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Beweis und eine schematische Illustration des Problems und eine allgemeine Diskussion des Konflikts.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RÉSUMÉLa liberté (comme dans le choix ďune situation professionnelle ou ďun lieu de résidence) et ľimpartialité (équité horizontale) peuvent ětre incompatibles avec la réalisation de ľéquité (verticale) et/ou de ľefficacité, měme en faisant abstraction des facteurs familiers (effets ďincitation, coǔts administratifs) qui interviennent dans le compromis équité-efficacité. Liberté et impartialité requièrent une indifférence individuelle (égalité des utilityés totales) entre les deux possibilityés, tandis que 1'equite (verticale) requiert une egalisation interindividuelle du bien-etre marginal du revenu. Asseoir un impot ďencombrement sur les residences urbaines ou offrir des salaires eleves pour attirer des soldats volontaires peuvent permettre ďobtenir une repartition efficace de la population compatible avec la liberte et ľimpartialite, mais ont peu de chances de coi'ncider avec legalisation du bien-etre marginal du revenu. Ce conflit peut expliquer en partie la segregation ville-campagne en Chine et le maintien de la conscription. Le present article verifie la théorie de ce conflit, illustre ce problème graphiquement, et pose le débat en termes généraux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 42 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 33 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 31 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Does economic growth increase social welfare (happiness)? Answers to such questions can only be provided by a complete analysis of all the objective, subjective, and institutional effects. All measures originate from the subjective world, working through the institutional setting to affect the objective world, the institutional setting and/or the subjective world. Due to the increasing complexity of the modern society, it is likely that more problems are going to involve significant institutional and subjective effects, making a complete multidisciplinary study more necessary. As an introduction to this argument, the Harrod-Hirsch concept of positional goods and its implications on the desirability of economic growth are analysed geometrically and extended. A simple method to reduce the difficulty of comparability in happiness surveys is also suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 41 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 28 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 31 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacific economic review 1 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The economic enrichment of a sector may make other sectors as a whole better or worse off. However, for the benchmark case of proportionate enrichment, other sectors tend to gain. This result is shown using offer curves, supply and demand analysis, Cobb-Douglas utility functions, and a more general case. Allowing the enriching sector to be monopolistic does not affect the result. Semi-economic enrichment through migration and population growth also makes others better off. Most enrichments also tend to be equalizing in their effects on others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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